Chapter 1 & 3

Question 1

the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

Answer 1

Gross (macroscopic) anatomy

Question 2

looks at all structures in a particular area of the body

Answer 2

Regional anatomy

Question 3

looks at just one system (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, etc.)

Answer 3

System anatomy

Question 4

looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (visible muscle masses or veins seen on surface)

Answer 4

Surface anatomy

Question 5

deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cytology and histology

Answer 5

Microscopic anatomy

Question 6

study of cells

Answer 6

Cytology

Question 7

study of tissues

Answer 7

Histology

Question 8

traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Answer 8

Developmental anatomy

Question 9

study of developmental changes that occur before birth

Answer 9

Embryology

Question 10

study of functions of the kidney

Answer 10

Renal physiology

Question 11

study of the functions of the nervous system

Answer 11

Neurophysiology

Question 12

study of the functions of the heart and blood vessels

Answer 12

Cardiovascular physiology

Question 13

Atoms combine to form muscles

Answer 13

Chemical level

Question 14

cells are made up of molecules

Answer 14

Cellular level

Question 15

Tissues consist of similar types of cells

Answer 15

Tissue level

Question 16

Organs are made up of of different types of tissue

Answer 16

Organ level

Question 17

Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

Answer 17

Organ system level

Question 18

Smallest structural and functional unit of life.

Answer 18

Cell

Question 19

– The cell is the smallest unit of life
– All organisms are made of one or more cells
– Cells arise only from other cells

Answer 19

Cell theory

Question 20

– Over 250 different types of human cells
– Types differ in size, shape, and subcellular components; these differences lead to differences in functions

Answer 20

Cell diversity

Question 21

the cellular material that is located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

Cytoplasm is composed of

Answer 22

Cytosol, inclusions, organelles

Question 23

gel-like solution made up of water and soluble molecules such as proteins, salts, sugars, etc.

Answer 23

Cytosol

Question 24

insoluble molecules; vary with cell type (examples: glycogen granules, pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles, crystals)

Answer 24

Inclusions

Question 25

metabolic machinery structures of cell; each with specialized function; either membranous or nonmembranous

Answer 25

Organelles

Question 26

– Mitochondria – Endoplasmic reticulum – Golgi apparatus – Peroxisomes – Lysosomes

Answer 26

Membranous organelles

Question 27

– Ribosomes – Cytoskeleton – Centrioles

Answer 27

Nonmembranous organelles

Question 28

Membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Answer 28

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 29

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.

Answer 29

Ribosomes

Question 30

What are ribosomes made up of?

Answer 30

Proton and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 31

free floating; site of synthesis of soluble proteins that function in cytosol or other organelles

Answer 31

Free ribosomes

Question 32

attached to membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (ER); site of synthesis of proteins to be incorporated into membranes or lysosomes, or exported from cell

Answer 32

Membrane-bound ribosomes

Question 33

Cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities. ( powerhouse of the cell)

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

Membranous system close to the cell nucleus that packages protein secretions for export, packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular use, and modifies proteins destined to become part of cellular membranes

Answer 34

Golgi apparatus

Question 35

Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes.

Answer 35

Lysosomes

Question 36

One of three types of cytoskeletal elements; thin strands of the protein actin

Answer 36

Microfilaments

Question 37

Tough, insoluble protein fibres constructed like woven ropes composed of tetramer fibrils

Answer 37

Intermediate filaments

Question 38

One of three types of cytoskeletal elements; hollow tubes made of the spherical protein tubulin.

Answer 38

Microtubules

Question 39

Minute body found in pairs near the nucleus of the cell; active in cell division.

Answer 39

Centriole

Question 40

Tiny, hairlike projections of a cell; may move in a wave- like manner to propel substances across the exposed cell surface.

Answer 40

Cilia

Question 41

Tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption

Answer 41

Microvilli