chapter 1 Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

What does SOFAR stand for

A

SOund Frequency and Rannging

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

Explanation of measurable observations, an idea about a cause or relationship between cause and effect

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3
Q

Theory

A

a well substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, logical inferences, and tested hypotheses

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4
Q

A scientist develops tests or experiments based on a hypothesis to

A

Find data and proof that the hypothesis is incorrect.

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5
Q

The scientific method

A

Is “evolutionary” and based on the best available answer in a given time.

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6
Q

Age of the universe

A

~13.8 billion years old

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7
Q

Age of the solar system

A

~5 billion years old

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8
Q

Age of the Earth

A

~4.6 billion years old

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9
Q

Red shifts

A

Wavelength increases up towards the red and beyond (frequency decreases)

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10
Q

Blue shifts

A

decrease in wavelength (increase in frequency) caused by relative motion, even outside the visible spectrum

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11
Q

Big bang theory- where do the elements come from

A

14 bya

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12
Q

formation of the earth (Density stratification)

A

heavier stuff sinks and lighter matter forms crust

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13
Q

sources and timing of the oceans (Where is the water from)

A

outgassing (from origin of earths atmosphere) released water vapor

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14
Q

Eratosthenes

A

determined Earth’s circumference fairly accurately

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15
Q

Magellan

A

Spaniard. circumnavigated the globe. killed on a pacific island 1521

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16
Q

James Cook

A

undertook 3 scientific voyages (Endeavour, resolution, adventure) mapped many islands in pacific, systematically measured ocean characteristics, marine chronograph (longitude)

17
Q

Phoenicians

A

first from western hemisphere to develop navigation arts.
explored mediterranean sea, red sea, and indian ocean.
first circumnavigation of Africa.
Reached the British Isles
2000 BC

18
Q

Greeks

A

Pytheas- Sailed north using a method to determine latitude in 325 BC using north star
Eratosthenes- determined circumference

19
Q

Vikings

A

explored north atlantic ocean
settled iceland and greenland
greenland settlements abandoned due to climatic cooling

20
Q

Latitude

A

Pytheas determined using north star

21
Q

Longitude

A

james cook. marine chronograph

22
Q

the heaviest naturally occurring element is

23
Q

formation of earth- Accretion

A

small particles clump into larger masses

24
Q

elements on earth- most abundant to least

A

nitrogen oxygen argon carbon dioxide

25
earliest life on earth
3.5 billion years old in the oceans
26
The red light shift we see in other galaxies indicating that they are moving away from ours is a result of the
Doppler effect
27
Elements with atomic weights up to carbon are formed in the centers of ______ by a process called ______
Main sequence stars/ fusion
28
The largest reservoir of freshwater on our planet is (are)
glaciers
29
An explanation that is supported by many observations has no major flaws, has been tested extensively and is accepted by the scientific community is a
Theory