chapter 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
A condition in which people cannot meet their basic needs for adequate food, clothing, shelter, education, or health1
poverty
countries with complex industrialized bases, low rates of population growth, and high per capita incomes
highly developed countries
developing countries with a medium level of industrialization and average per capita incomes that are lower than those of highly developed countries
moderately develpoed countries
developing countries with a low level of industrialization, a high fertility rate, a high infant mortality, and low per capita income
less developed countries
resources that are limited and depleted by use
fossil fuels, minerals
nonrenewable resources
resources that nature replaces quite quickly
trees, fish, soil
renewable resources
human use of materials and energy
consumption
a situation in which there are too many people in a given geographic area
people overpopulation
a situation that occurs when each individual consumes too large a share of resources
consumption overpopulation
amount of productive land, fresh water, and ocean required on a continuous basis to supply that person food, wood, energy, water, housing, waste disposal, and clothing
ecological footprint
formal statement that describes the behavior of a system
model
the ability to meet the current human need for natural resources without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
environmental sustainibility
Those parts of our environment available to everyone but for which no single individual has responsibility- the atmosphere, fresh water, forests, wildlife, and ocean fisheries
global commons
shared responsibility for the sustainable care for our planet
stewardship
econonomic development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
sustainable development
the interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationship with other organisms and the nonliving physical environment
environmental science
branch of biology that studies the interrelationships between organisms and their environment
ecology
a set of components that interact and function as a whole
system
natural system consisting of a community of organisms and its physical environment
ecosystem
rate of change in one direction is the same as the change in the other direction
dynamic equilibrium
when the variable is not changed
control
an integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses each supported by a large body of observations and experiments evaluated by the peer review process
theory
discovering general principals by carefully examining specific cases
inductive reasoning
adds nothing new to knowledge, but makes relationships among data more apparent
deductive reasoning
