Chapter 3 Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

developed idea for ecology for eco-house and logy-study

A

Ernst Haeckel

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2
Q

living, alive

A

Biotic

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3
Q

nonliving,physical

A

Abiotic

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4
Q

local, or global

specific, or generalized depending on questions

broadest field of the biological sciences

A

Ecology

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5
Q

A group of organisms that live in the same area at the same time

A

Population

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6
Q

An assosciation of all populations that live and interact with eachother at the same time.

A

Community

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7
Q

A community and its physical environment

A

Ecosystem

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8
Q

A region that includes several interacting ecosystems

A

Landscape

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9
Q
A

Biome

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10
Q

the parts of the earth, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, that contain all life on earth.

A

Biosphere

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11
Q

gaseous envelope surrounding earth

A

Atmosphere

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12
Q

earth’s supply of water, liquid, solid, fresh, or salty

A

Hydrosphere

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13
Q

soil and rock of earth’s crust

A

Lithosphere

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14
Q

capacity or ability to do work

A

Energy

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15
Q

transmitted through electromagnetic waves

A

Radiant energy

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16
Q

heat that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower tempertature

A

Thermal energy

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17
Q

stored in the bonds of molecules

A

Chemical energy

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18
Q

energy of movement in matter

A

Mechanical energy

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18
Q

converted to from atomic nuclei

A

Nuclear energy

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19
Q

radiant energy from the sun

A

Solar energy

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20
Q

flows as charged particles

A

Electrical energy

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20
Q

stored energy

A

Potential energy

21
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

22
Q

energy cannot be exchanged between this and its surroundings

like a thermos

A

Closed system

23
energy is exchanged between the system and its surroundings like the earth, or the ocean
open system
24
study of energy and its transformations
Thermodynamics
25
an organism may absorb energy from its surroundings or give some to its surroundings, but the total amount of energy is constant
1st law of thermodynamics
26
when energy is converted from one form to the other some is dispersed as heat, a less usable form that disperses into the environment
2nd law of thermodynamics
26
measure of disorder or chaos. usable energy: low unusable: high
entropy
27
biological process in which light energy from the sun is taken and transformed into carbohydrate (glucose)
photosynthesis
28
Molecules such as glucose are broken down in the presence of oxygen and water into C02 and water with a release of oxygen
Aerobic cellular respiration
29
Seawater penetrates and is heated by the super hot rocks below. charged with hydrogen sulfide
Hydrothermal vents
30
the process of transforming inorganic raw materials into carbohydrate molecules. H2S reacts with oxygen producing water and sulfide
Chemosynthesis
31
passage of energy in a one way direction through an ecosystem
Energy flow
32
producers, manufacture organic materials from simple inorganic materials such as CO2 and water
Autotrophs
32
consumers, use bodies of other organisms to gain energy
Heterotrophs
33
eat producers, herbivores,
Primary consumers
34
eat primary consumers, carnivores third level consumers, or tertiary consumers, consume secondary consumers
Secondary consumers
35
an orgainsim's position on the food chain, determined by feeding relationships 1-producer 2- primary consumer 3-secondary consumer
Trophic level
36
chain-one way chain of energy tranfers web- a representation of interlocking food chains that connects all organisms in an ecosystem
Food chain/ web
37
heterotrophs that break down dead organic material to supply themselves with energy, saprotrophs
decomposers
38
common in aquatic environments, consume detritus (dead organic material) crabs, snails, worms
Detritivores
39
consumers that are both trophic level 2 and 3 consume plants and animals
omnivores
40
large population of herbivores, tiny shrimps, consumed by baleen whales
krill
41
causes for collapse of antarctic food web
1. baleen whales decreased, krill increased, other krill eaters increased 2. global warming decreased amount of pack ice 3. decrease of ozone put the base of the web's algae in danger
42
hippo-tilapia connection
hippos eat a lot, then produce up to 4o lbs of poop every day algae feeds on poop, then grows tilapia feed on algae hippos died, less poop, less algae, tilapia started dying
43
Quantitative estimate of the total amount of mass of living material
biomass
44
illustrates totoal biomass on each successive trophic level
pyramid of biomass
45
graphically represent the relative energy values on each trophic level
ecological pyramid
46
illustrates total amount of energy represented in kilocalories per square meter per year of the biomass of each trophic level
pyramid of energy
47
shows the number of organisms at each trophic level in a given ecosystem with greater numbers illustrated by a larger part of the pyramid
pyramid of numbers
48
the total amount of photosynthetic energy plants capture and assimilate in a given period
gross primary productivity
49
productivity after respiration losses are subtracted
net primary productivity
50
vitousek's and rojstaczer's research
* humans represent .5% of earth's population, but we consume 32% of annual NPP produced * This has resulted in many species becoming extinct. * At his rate, serious danger awaits in the future in terms of the planet's ability to support the biotic and abiotic inhabitants of it * If we want our planet to operate sustainably, we must share our terrestrial photosynthesis products, NPP, with all other organisms