Chapter 1

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

The field of study that deals with the composition, properties, and changes of matter

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

• Any physical entity that you can see, feel, taste and smell
• Any physical entity that has mass and volume

Question 3

Scientific method

Answer 3

1. Observation
2. hypothesis
3. experiments
4. theory

Question 4

Which measurement systems are used most in the world?

Answer 4

Metric system and international system (SI)

Question 5

How do we make a stating measurement more convenient?

Answer 5

By using scientific notation and unit prefrences

Question 6

prefix
•what does it do when it is placed in front of a unit
•what does it do
•example

Answer 6

• it increases or decreases the size of that unit
• it makes units smaller or larger than the initial unit by one or more factors of 10 and indicates a numerical value
• 1 kilometer = 1000 meters

Question 7

prefixes that increase the size of the unit

•4

Answer 7

1. tera = 10^12
2. giga = 10^9
3. mega = 10^6
4. kilo = 1000

Question 8

prefixes that decrease the size of the unit

•7

Answer 8

1. deci = 10^-1
2. centi = 10^-2
3. milli = 10^-3
4. micro = 10^-6
5. nano = 10^-9
6. pico = 10^-12
7. femto= 10^ -15

Question 9

Accurate measurements

Answer 9

the measurement is correct

Question 10

Precise measurements

Answer 10

the measurement is repeatable

Question 11

Exact numbers

Answer 11

Obtained by counting items or from a definition that compares two units in the same measuring system

Question 12

Measured numbers

Answer 12

Everything else for which we must us significant figure rules

Question 13

A number is a significant figure if it is…

• 4 things

Answer 13

1. Not a zero
2. a zero between nonzero digits
3. a zero at the end of a decimal number
4. any digit in the coefficient of a number written in scientific notation

Question 14

A zero is not significant if it is…

• 2 things

Answer 14

1. at the beginning of a decimal number

2. used as a place holder in a large number without a decimal point

Question 15

Sig Fig Rules: What do you do when multiplying/dividing?

Answer 15

For your answer, use the same number of SFs ad the number with the fewest SFs

Question 16

Sig Fig Rules: What did you do when adding/subtracting

Answer 16

For your answer, use the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places

Question 17

Equalities
•what does it allow
•what does it state
•how can it be written

Answer 17

• allows us to convert between units
• states the same measurement in two different units
• can be written using the relationships between two metric units

Question 18

1kg= __g

Answer 18

1000g

Question 19

1g= __mg

Answer 19

1000mg

Question 20

1mg= __g

Answer 20

0.001g

Question 21

1mg= __ug

Answer 21

1000ug

Question 22

Conversion factor
•what is it the key to
•what is it and how is it obtained
•how can it be inverted

Answer 22

• the key to dimensional analysis
• a fraction obtained from an equality
• can be inverted to give two conversion factors for every equality

Question 23

Percent factor
•what is it made from
•what is it (4 points)

Answer 23

• a conversion factor made from a percent
• gives the ratio of the parts to the whole ( %=(parts/whole) x 100%)
• uses the same units for the parts and whole
• uses the value 100
• can be written as two factors

Question 24

• ppm

* ppb

Answer 24

• parts per million (10^6)

* parts per billion (10^9)

Question 25

Density

Answer 25

* compares the mass of an object to its volume | * mass/volume

Question 26

Why does ice float?

Answer 26

Because the density of ice is less that the density of water

Question 27

Why does aluminum sink in water?

Answer 27

Because its density is greater than the density of water