Chapter 4

Question 1

Elements

Answer 1

• pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary laboratory processes
• the building blocks of matter

Question 2

What are elements separated by

Answer 2

symbols

Question 3

element symbols
•what does it represent
•how many letters does it consist of
•does it start with a capital or lowercase letter

Answer 3

• represents the name of an element
• consists of 1 or 2 letters
• starts with a capital letter

Question 4

Fe
•effect
•sources

Answer 4

• hemoglobin/myoglobin/metabolic enzymes

* red meat/GLVs

Question 5

Cu
•effect
•sources

Answer 5

• enzyme cofactors/formation of collagen

* nuts/WGs

Question 6

Zn
•effect
•sources

Answer 6

• metabolism/formation of collagen

* seafood/WGs

Question 7

Mn
•effect
•sources

Answer 7

• enzymes/CNS/metabolism/hemostasis

* pineapple/WGs

Question 8

I
•effect
•sources

Answer 8

• thyroid function

* seafood/iodized salt

Question 9

F
•effect
•sources

Answer 9

• teeth/bone calcium retention

* tea/fish/fluoridated water, toothpaste

Question 10

Hg
•effect
•sources

Answer 10

• toxic to CNS

* contaminated fish/lab waste

Question 11

Pb
•effect
•sources

Answer 11

• toxic to CNS and other tissues

* white paint before 1972/cheap jewelry and plastic items

Question 12

How are elements organized

Answer 12

in the periodic table

Question 13

Groups

Answer 13

contains elements with similar properties and are arranged in vertical columns

Question 14

Where does the group number appear?

Answer 14

across the top

Question 15

Periods

Answer 15

horizontal rows of elements

Question 16

atoms

Answer 16

• tiny particles of matter
• cannot be created,divided, destroyed, or converted to another type of atom
• atoms of an element are similar to each other but not other elements of atoms

Question 17

compounds

Answer 17

2 or more different elements combine

Question 18

Metals

Answer 18

• shiny
• good conductors
• most react with water

Question 19

Atomic number

Answer 19

• specific for each element
• the same for all atoms of an element
• equal to the number of protons in an atom
• appears above the symbol of an element

Question 20

what is the net charge of an atom

Answer 20

0

Question 21

mass number

• what does it represent
• how is it calculated

Answer 21

• represents the number of particles in the nucleus

- protons + neutrons

Question 22

Isotopes

Answer 22

• atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers

- have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 23

Nuclear symbol

Answer 23

-represents a particular atom of an element

Question 24

where is the atomic mass located

Answer 24

below the symbol of each element

Question 25

Electromagnetic radiation - definition - how is it described - moves at what speed - speed of light=

Answer 25

- energy that travels as waves through space - described in terms of wavelength and frequency - moves at the speed of light in a vacuum - 3.0 x 10^8

Question 26

Electromagnetic spectrum - how does it arrange energy - how does it arrange wavelengths - when does it show visible light

Answer 26

- arranges forms of energy from lowest to highest - arranges energy from longest to shortest wavelengths - shows visible light with wavelengths from 700-400nm

Question 27

atomic spectrum - what does it consist of - when are photons emitted

Answer 27

- lines of different colors formed when light from a heated element passes through a prism - photons emitted when electrons drop to lower energy levels

Question 28

How are electrons arranged

Answer 28

in specific energy levels that 1. are labeled n 1-5 2. increase in energy as it increases 3. have the electrons with the lowest energy in the 1st energy level closest the nucleus

Question 29

absorbing energy means...

Answer 29

when an electron jumps to a higher energy level

Question 30

Emitting energy means..

Answer 30

when an electron drops to a lower energy level | -visible color

Question 31

Sublevels - where are they found - what letters are they - same or different energy

Answer 31

- found within each energy level - are designated by the letters, p, d, and f - all electrons within a sublevel have the same energy

Question 32

the number of sublevels is equal to the value of the

Answer 32

principal quantum number

Question 33

s sublevel - highest or lowest level - what is it followed by

Answer 33

- lowest | - followed by p, d and f

Question 34

orbitals - definition - what shape does it represent - how many electrons can it hold - which ways do the electrons have to spin

Answer 34

- 3D space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found - electron density - 2 electrons - opposite ways