Chapter 1 Flashcards
(70 cards)
Eponym
Commemorative name
Organ systems
Groups if organs that function together in a coordinated manner.
Embryology
The study of early developmental processes
Cytology
The study of the internal structure of individual cells
Cells
The simplest units of life
Histology
The examination of tissues
Tissues
Groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform one or more specific functions
Organs
Made up of tissues ex: heart, kidney, liver, brain
Human physiology
The study of the functions of the human body
Organism
The highest level of organization
Homeostasis
Refers to the existence of a stable internal environment
Homeostatic regulation
The adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis
Auto regulation (intrinsic regulation)
Occurs when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to environmental change.
Extrinsic regulation
Results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system
Receptor
A sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change
Control center (integration center)
Receives and processes the information supplies by the receptor and sends out commands
Effector
A cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activities either opposes or enhances the stimulus
Set point
Desired value
Negative Feedback
A way for counteracting an effect
Ex: Thermoregulation
Positive Feedback
An initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in conditions
Positive Feedback Loop
An escalating cycle resulting from positive feedback
Disease
When one or more characteristics of the internal environment are pushed outside normal limits
State of Equilibrium
Exists when opposing processes or forces are in balance.
Dynamic Equilibrium
When physiological systems function to maintain equilibrium by continually adapting and adjusting
