Chapter 1

Question 1

Submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter.

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

Two of more atoms that are chemically bonded

Answer 2

Molecule

Question 3

The science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules.

Answer 3

Chemistry

Question 4

A tentative interpretation or explanation of the observations.

Answer 4

Hypothesis

Question 5

Highly controlled procedures designed to generate observations that may confirm or refute a hypothesis.

Answer 5

Experiment

Question 6

A brief statement of equation that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones.

Answer 6

Scientific Law

Question 7

A law stating that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Answer 7

Law of conservation of mass

Question 8

A proposed explanation for observations and laws based on well established and tested hypothesis that presents a model of a way nature works and predicts behavior beyond the observations and laws on which it was based.

Answer 8

Theory

Question 9

The theory that each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms, that all atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties, and that atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.

Answer 9

Atomic Theory

Question 10

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Answer 10

Matter

Question 11

Mass’ physical form

Answer 11

State

Question 12

Basic components that make up mass

Answer 12

Composition

Question 13

Atoms or molecules that are packed close to each other in fixed locations

Answer 13

Solid

Question 14

Atoms of molecules are in patterns with long range and repeating order.

Answer 14

Crystalline

Question 15

Atoms or molecules do not have any long range order.

Answer 15

Amorphous

Question 16

Atoms or molecules packed as closely as they are in a solid matter, but they are free to move relative to each other.

Answer 16

Liquid

Question 17

Atoms of molecules have a lot of space between them and are free to move relative to each other; compressible.

Answer 17

Gas

Question 18

Made up of only one component and its composition is invariant (does not vary from one sample to another).

Answer 18

Pure Substance

Question 19

Is composed of two or more components in proportions that can vary from one sample to another.
Ex: sweet tea

Answer 19

Mixture

Question 20

A substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.

Answer 20

Element

Question 21

A substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed, definite proportion.

Answer 21

Compound

Question 22

Composition varies from one region of the mixture to another.

Answer 22

Heterogeneous Mixture

Question 23

Composition that remains the same throughout.

Answer 23

Homogeneous Mixture

Question 24

Changes that alter only state or appearance, but not composition.

Answer 24

Physical Changes

Question 25

Changes that alter the composition of matter.

Answer 25

Chemical Changes

Question 26

A property that a substance displays without changing its composition.

Answer 26

Physical Property

Question 27

A property that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change.

Answer 27

Chemical Property

Question 28

The capacity to do work.

Answer 28

Energy

Question 29

The action of a force through a distance.

Answer 29

Work

Question 30

The energy associated with motion of an object.

Answer 30

Kinetic Energy

Question 31

The energy associated with the position or composition of an object.

Answer 31

Potential Energy

Question 32

The energy associated with the temperature of an object.

Answer 32

Thermal Energy

Question 33

The idea that energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Answer 33

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 34

Measure of space

Answer 34

Volume

Question 35

The measure of a quantity of matter within an object.

Answer 35

Mass

Question 36

A property such as density that is independent of the amount of a given substance.

Answer 36

Intensive Property

Question 37

A property that depends on the amount of a given substance, such as mass.

Answer 37

Extensive Property