Chapter 2

Question 1

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed.

Answer 1

Law of Conservation of mass

Question 2

All samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent elements.

Answer 2

Law of Definite Proportions

Question 3

When two elements (call them A and B) form two different compounds, the masses of element B that combine with 1 g of element A can be expressed as a ration of small whole numbers.

Answer 3

Law of Multiple Proportions

Question 4

The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction occurs; electrons flow toward the cathode.

Answer 4

Cathode Ray tube

Question 5

A stream of electrons produced when a high electrical voltage is applied between two electrodes within a partially evacuated tube.

Answer 5

Cathode Rays

Question 6

Fundamental property of some of the particles that compose atoms and results attractive and repulsive forces.

Answer 6

Electrical charge

Question 7

a negatively charged, low mass particle present within all atoms

Answer 7

Electron

Question 8

Who is known for discovering the electron?

Answer 8

J.J. Thomson

Question 9

The emission of small energetic particles from the corse of certain unstable atoms

Answer 9

Radioactivity

Question 10

Who is known for discovering radioactivity?

Answer 10

Henri Becquerel and Marie Curie

Question 11

Who conducted the gold foil experiment?

Answer 11

Rutherford

Question 12

Who proposed the nuclear theory?

Answer 12

Rutherford

Question 13

Most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge are contained in a small core

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

What is the positive charge of the atom?

Answer 14

Protons

Question 15

Neutral particles within the nucleus

Answer 15

Neutrons

Question 16

The number of protons in the atoms nucleus. The Z number

Answer 16

Atomic number

Question 17

Each element, identified by its unique atomic number, is represented with a

Answer 17

Chemical symbol

Question 18

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called

Answer 18

Isotopes

Question 19

The relative mount of each different isotope in a naturally occurring sample of a given element is roughly constant.

Answer 19

Natural abundance

Question 20

The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atom. The A number.

Answer 20

Mass number

Question 21

Positively charged ions

Answer 21

Cations

Question 22

Negatively charged ions

Answer 22

Anions

Question 23

When the elements are arranged in order of increasing mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.

Answer 23

Periodic law

Question 24

Large class of elements that are generally good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, lustrous, and tend to lose electrons during chemical changes.

Answer 24

Metals

Question 25

A class of elements that tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity and usually gain electrons during chemical reactions.

Answer 25

Nonmetals

Question 26

A category of elements found on the boundary between the metals and non metals of the periodic table, with properties intermediate between those of both groups; also called semimetals

Answer 26

Metalloids

Question 27

A material with intermediate electrical conductivity that can be changes and controlled.

Answer 27

Semiconductor

Question 28

Those elements found in the s or p blocks of the periodic table, whose properties tend to be predictable based on their position in the table.

Answer 28

Main-group elements

Question 29

Those elements found in the d block of the periodic table whose properties tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the table.

Answer 29

Transition elements (transition metals)

Question 30

Columns within the main group elements in the periodic table that contain elements that exhibit similar chemical properties.

Answer 30

Family (group)

Question 31

The group of 8A elements, which are largely un-reactive due to their stable filled p orbitals.

Answer 31

Noble gases

Question 32

Highly reactive metals in group 1A of the periodic table.

Answer 32

Alkali metals

Question 33

Fairly reactive metals in group 2A of the periodic table.

Answer 33

Alkaline earth metals

Question 34

Highly reactive nonmetals in group 7A of the periodic table

Answer 34

Halogens

Question 35

The average mass in amu of the atoms of a particular element based on the relative abundance of the various isotopes; it is numerically equivalent to the mass in grams of one mole of the element.

Answer 35

Atomic mass

Question 36

An experimental method of determining the precise mass and relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample using an instrument called a mass spectrometer.

Answer 36

Mass spectrometry

Question 37

A unit defined as the amount of material containing 6.0221421 X 10^23.

Answer 37

Mole

Question 38

An elements molar mass in grams per mole is numerically equal to the element's atomic amass in atomic mass units.

Answer 38

Molar mass