Chapter 3 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Oppositely charged ions attract one another by electrostatic forces
Ionic bond
A chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons that interact with the nuclei of both atoms, lowering the potential energy of each through electrostatic interactions
Covalent bond
A symbolic representation of a compound that indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms
Chemical formula
A chemical formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound.
Empirical formula
A chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound
Molecular formula
A molecular formula that shows how the atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other
Structural formula
A representation of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule that shows how the atoms are bonded to each other and the overall shape of the molecule.
Ball-and-stick model
A representation of a molecule that shows how the atoms fill the space between them
Space-filling molecular model
Those elements that exist in nature with single atoms was their basic units.
Atomic elements
Those elements that exist in nature with diatomic or polyatomic molecules as their basic unit
Molecular elements
Compounds composed of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals
Molecular compound
A compound composed of cations and anions bound together y electrostatic attraction
Ionic compound
The smallest, electrically neutral collections of ions in an ionic compound
Formula unit
An ion composed of two or more atoms
Polyatomic ion
A traditional name of a compound that gives little or no information about its chemical structure; for example, the common name of NaHCO3 is “baking soda”
Common name
An official name of a compound, based on well-established rules, that can be determined by examining its chemical structure
Systematic name
A polyatomic anion containing a nonmetal covalently bonded to one or more oxygen atoms.
Oxyanion
An ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit
Hydrate
A molecular compound that is able to donate an H+ ion (proton) when dissolved in water, thereby increasing the concentration of H+.
Acid
An acid composed of hydrogen and an oxyanion.
Oxyacid
The average mass of a molecule of a compound in amu
Formula mass
An element’s percentage of the total mass of a compound containing the element
Mass percent composition (Mass percent)
The sum of the masses of all the atoms in an empirical formula
Empirical formula molar mass
A method of obtaining empirical formulas for unknown compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen, by burning a sample of the compound in purse oxygen and analyzing the products of the combustion reaction
Combustion analysis
