Chapter 1

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

The study of society and human behavior within the society

Question 2

Goals of science

Answer 2

• to explain why something happens
• generalization
• predict what will happen in the future

Question 3

Social Darwinism

Answer 3

Societies evolve

Question 4

Macro Level

Answer 4

Society is a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

Educated guess

Question 6

Survey

Answer 6

Asking a series of questions

Question 7

Random sample

Answer 7

Everyone has the same chance of being included in the study

Question 8

Generalizability

Answer 8

Make what we found apply to broader groups

Question 9

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 9

Our behavior depends on how we define ourselves and others

Question 10

Quantitative research

Answer 10

Numbers and stats

Question 11

Secondary data

Answer 11

Analyzing data collected by others

Question 12

Participant research

Answer 12

Research in which the researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening in that setting

Question 13

Class conflict

Answer 13

Conflict based on race, gender & so forth

Question 14

Comte

Answer 14

• Father of sociology

* 1st person to use the scientific method

Question 15

Disadvantages of interviews

Answer 15

Inaccurate

•people say what they want you to hear

Question 16

Culture shock

Answer 16

Disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a different culture

Question 17

Symbol

Answer 17

Something to which people attach meaning and which they use to communicate

Question 18

Norms

Answer 18

Rules of behavior

Question 19

Sanction

Answer 19

Can be positive or negative and include:
•positive informal
•negative informal
•positive formal
•negative formal

Question 20

Culture

Answer 20

The language, beliefs, norms, values, behaviors and material objects passed from one generation to the next

Question 21

Ethnocentrism

Answer 21

The tendency to view our culture as superior

Question 22

Language

Answer 22

System of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought

Question 23

Cultural universals

Answer 23

Similarities one culture to the next

Question 24

Cultural lag

Answer 24

Some aspects of culture change more rapidly than others

•human behavior lagging behind technological innovations

Question 25

Counter culture

Answer 25

A group whose ideas, values and beliefs place them in different opposition to the larger culture

Question 26

Socialization

Answer 26

* Lifelong process where we learn the norm | * forms our identity

Question 27

Freud

Answer 27

Developed a theory of personality stating that it consisted of 3 elements

Question 28

Gender socialization

Answer 28

There are different expectations for males and females in our society and these are taught to us from birth

Question 29

Agents of socialization

Answer 29

People or groups that affect our self concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life

Question 30

Feral

Answer 30

Children assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness isolated form humans

Question 31

Gender socialization

Answer 31

There are different expectations for male and female in our society and these are taught to us from birth

Question 32

Social Structure

Answer 32

The framework of society that surrounds us; consists of the ways that people and groups are related to one another; this framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior

Question 33

Status set

Answer 33

All of us occupy several positions at the same time

Question 34

Group

Answer 34

3 or more people who regularly interact with each other and have something in common

Question 35

Gesellschaft

Answer 35

Dominated by impersonal relationships

Question 36

Gender Role

Answer 36

Different behaviors and attitudes are expected of us because we are a girl or boy

Question 37

Social Interaction

Answer 37

What people do when they are in one another's presence

Question 38

Status

Answer 38

Refers to a position that someone occupies

Question 39

Ascribed status

Answer 39

Assigned by birth or tradition

Question 40

Role exit

Answer 40

Leaving a role

Question 41

Role

Answer 41

Set of behaviors, obligations, and privileges

Question 42

Patriarchy

Answer 42

Male dominated society

Question 43

How we avoid social interaction

Answer 43

Hide, don't make eye contact

Question 44

Instrumental leader

Answer 44

Focus is on meeting the goals by keeping everyone working toward the goal

Question 45

Bureaucracy

Answer 45

A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications and records

Question 46

Reference group

Answer 46

We use to elevate ourselves

Question 47

Ethnomethodology

Answer 47

Study of how people use background assumptions to make sense of life

Question 48

Socialization

Answer 48

Lifelong process where we learn the norm | •forms our identity

Question 48

Durkheim

Answer 48

* life goal to get get sociology recognized as an academic discipline * Suicide rates

Question 49

Structural functionalism

Answer 49

Society is a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together

Question 50

The scientific method

Answer 50

1) select a topic 2) defining the problem 3) review of literature 4) form a hypothesis 5) chops a research method 6) collect the data 7) analyze the results 8) share the results