Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (51)
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1
Sociology
The study of society and human behavior within the society
2
Goals of science
•to explain why something happens
•generalization
•predict what will happen in the future
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Social Darwinism
Societies evolve
4
Macro Level
Society is a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together
5
Hypothesis
Educated guess
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Survey
Asking a series of questions
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Random sample
Everyone has the same chance of being included in the study
8
Generalizability
Make what we found apply to broader groups
9
Symbolic interactionism
Our behavior depends on how we define ourselves and others
10
Quantitative research
Numbers and stats
11
Secondary data
Analyzing data collected by others
12
Participant research
Research in which the researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening in that setting
13
Class conflict
Conflict based on race, gender & so forth
14
Comte
•Father of sociology
•1st person to use the scientific method
15
Disadvantages of interviews
Inaccurate
•people say what they want you to hear
16
Culture shock
Disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a different culture
17
Symbol
Something to which people attach meaning and which they use to communicate
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Norms
Rules of behavior
19
Sanction
Can be positive or negative and include:
•positive informal
•negative informal
•positive formal
•negative formal
20
Culture
The language, beliefs, norms, values, behaviors and material objects passed from one generation to the next
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Ethnocentrism
The tendency to view our culture as superior
22
Language
System of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought
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Cultural universals
Similarities one culture to the next
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Cultural lag
Some aspects of culture change more rapidly than others
•human behavior lagging behind technological innovations
25
Counter culture
A group whose ideas, values and beliefs place them in different opposition to the larger culture
26
Socialization
•Lifelong process where we learn the norm
•forms our identity
27
Freud
Developed a theory of personality stating that it consisted of 3 elements
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Gender socialization
There are different expectations for males and females in our society and these are taught to us from birth
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Agents of socialization
People or groups that affect our self concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life
30
Feral
Children assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness isolated form humans
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Gender socialization
There are different expectations for male and female in our society and these are taught to us from birth
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Social Structure
The framework of society that surrounds us; consists of the ways that people and groups are related to one another; this framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior
33
Status set
All of us occupy several positions at the same time
34
Group
3 or more people who regularly interact with each other and have something in common
35
Gesellschaft
Dominated by impersonal relationships
36
Gender Role
Different behaviors and attitudes are expected of us because we are a girl or boy
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Social Interaction
What people do when they are in one another's presence
38
Status
Refers to a position that someone occupies
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Ascribed status
Assigned by birth or tradition
40
Role exit
Leaving a role
41
Role
Set of behaviors, obligations, and privileges
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Patriarchy
Male dominated society
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How we avoid social interaction
Hide, don't make eye contact
44
Instrumental leader
Focus is on meeting the goals by keeping everyone working toward the goal
45
Bureaucracy
A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications and records
46
Reference group
We use to elevate ourselves
47
Ethnomethodology
Study of how people use background assumptions to make sense of life
48
Socialization
Lifelong process where we learn the norm
•forms our identity
48
Durkheim
•life goal to get get sociology recognized as an academic discipline
•Suicide rates
49
Structural functionalism
Society is a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together
50
