Chapter 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is subjective data?
Subjective data is data gathered based on what the patient stated. For example, the patient state she was coughing up green phlegm.
What is objective data?
Objective data is what is actually measured by the examiner. For example, weight, height, lab results.
What is the purpose of assessment?
The purpose of an assessment is to make judgement or a diagnosis.
What are the steps in the hypothetic-deductive process?
- Attend to available cues.
- Formulating a diagnostic hypothesis
- Gathering data relevant to the hypothesis
Evaluating hypothesis with new data collected and re-diagnosing.
What are the first level priorities?
First level priorities are high priority problems. They are emergent, life threatening, and immediate. Remember ABC plus V. A: Airway B: Breathing C: Circulation/Cardia V: Vital Sign concerns (i.e high fevers)
Describe the second level priorities?
Second level priorities need prompt intervention to prevent deterioration. For example: confusion, decreased alertness, mental status change, or untreated medical issues requiring immediate attention (diabetes, hypertension, etc). Acute pain, acute urinary elimination problems, abnormal lab values, risk of infection, safety, or security (for the patient or others.
Discuss third level priorities?
Third level priorities are health problems that do not fit into he previous categories ,they are important to health, but are addressed after urgent problems. (e.g., problems with a lack of knowledge, activity, rest, family, coping).
What are the 6 phases of the nursing process?
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- outcome identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluating
Describe evidence based practice.
Evidence based practice or EBP is a systematic approach to practice that uses the best evidence, the clinician experience, and the patients preference and values to make decisions about care and treatment.
What are the four factors that may affect a clinicians decision?
Clincians decision making depends on 4 factors:
- Best evidence from critical review of research literature.
- Patients own preferences
- Clinicians own experiences and expertise
- Physical examination and assessment
What are the individual and organizational barriers to EBP?
Barriers to EBP include:
- As individuals nurses lack the research skills in evaluating quality or research studies are isolated from other colleagues knowledgeable in research, and lack confidence to implement change..
- Organizationally nurses lack time to go to the library and read research; health care institutions have inadequate library research holdings; and organizational support for EBP is lacking when nurse wish to implement changes in patient care.
How does the biomedical model view health?
Biomedical model of Western medicine views health as the absence of disease.
What is the definition of illness?
Illness is the loss of the person’s balance, both within one’s being – physical, mental, and/or spiritual – and in the outside world – natural, communal, and/or metaphysical.
What are the four types of data?
The four types of data bases are complete (total health database), focused or problem centers database, follow-up database, and emergency database.
Describe the complete (total health) database.
The complete (total health) dat base describe current and past health states and forms a base line against which all future changes can be measures. Yields the first diagnosis. For the well person this database describe the person health state, perception of health, strengths (assets such as health maintenance behaviors), individual coping patterns; support systems, and current developmental task, and risk factors or lifestyle changes.
What is a focused or problem centered database?
The focused or problem centered data basis for a limited or short term problem. Collect a mini database, smaller in scope, and more targeted. Concerns mainly one problem , one cue complex, or one body system.
What is a follow up database?
A full-up database evaluates the status of an identified problems at regular and appropriate intervals.
Describe the emergency database?
The emergency database is an urgent, rapid collection of crucial information and is often complied concurrent with lifesaving measures. once the person has been stabilized a complete database can be collected.
What are the components of evidence based practice?
The components of evidence based practice are:
Clinicians expertise
Patients preferences and values
Evidence from research
Evidence based theories
Physical examination and assessment of patient.
