Chapter 3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Describe the working phase.
The working phase is the data gathering phase.
What is the difference between an open-ended and a closed/direct question?
An open-ended question asks for narrative information. It can be used to begin the interview, introduce new section, or whenever the person introduces a new topic. Open-ended question are unbiased.
Closed/direct question ask for specific information. they illicit a short, one or two-word answer.
What responses can be used to reactions to facts or feelings; or responses focused on patients frame of reference?
Facilitation, silence, reflection, empathy, clarification
What is facilitation?
Facilitation encourages theclient to say more; shows interest. For example: Mmhm, go on, tell me more - no interruptions, maintaining eye contact, shifting forward, etc.
Describe how silence is used as a communication technique?
Silence communicates that the client has time to think; waiting for response without any interruption.
Discuss how reflection is used in communication?
Reflection echoes clients’ words by repeating part of what the person has just said.
For example:
Client: it so hard having to stay in bed during my pregnancy, I have kids at home I am worried about.
Response: You feel worried and anxious about your children.
How is empathy used in communicating with a patient?
Empathy names a feeling and allows for its expression.
For example:
Clients: (sarcastically) this is great! I own a business, direct my employees, now I can’t even go to the bathroom.
Response: It must be hard, one day having so much control and now feeling dependent on someone else.
Describe how clarification is used in communicating.
Clarification is useful when the persons words are ambiguous or confusing.
Examiner: The heaviness in your chest occurs with walking up one flight of stairs or more than one block, but it stops when you rest. Is that correct?
Client: Yes, that’s it.
Which responses focus on your own frame of reference, thoughts and feelings.
Confrontation, interpretation, explanation, summary
Describe confrontation.
Confrontation clarifies inconsistent information. Focuses a client’s attention on an observed behavior, action or feeling.
For example:
You look sad or you sound angry.
Earlier you said that you didn’t drink, but just now you said you go out every night for 1-2 beers.
How is interpretation used in communication?
Interpretation links events, implies associations, and implies cause.
For example:
It seems that every time you feel the stomach pain, you have some type of stress in your life.
Describe the use of explanation in communicating.
Explanation is informing the person. Sharing factual and objective information.
How is summary used in communicating?
Summary- condenses facts and validate what was discussed during the interview.
What are the ten traps of interviewing
- Providing false assurance or reassurance
- Giving unwanted advice
- Using authority
- Using avoidance language - Using euphemisms, gone to a better place instead of saying has died.
- Engaging in distancing - using impersonal speech; “the” rather than “my” or “your.”
- Using professional jargon
- Using leading or biased questions - asking a question that suggests that one possible answer is better than another.
- Talking too much
- Interrupting
- Using “why” questions – usually implies negative judgment about the patient.
What are the developmental stages?
Infant - birth to one year Early childhood: Toddler (1-2 years) Early childhood: Preschooler (2 - 6 yrs) School-Age child: (7 - 12 yrs) Preadolescent: (10 – 12 or 13 yrs) Adolescent: (12 or 13 - 19 yrs) Early adult: (20 - 40 yrs) Middle adult: (40 – 64 yrs) Late adult: (65⁺ yrs)
What are piagets four stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operations
Formal operations
What are the characteristics of piagets sensorimotor stage?
The sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to 2 years of age. It is characterized by infant learning to manipulate objects. At birth reflexive communication, then moves through six stages to reach actual thinking. In the sensorimotor stage communication is largely nonverbal (pre symbolic). vocabulary is more than 4 words by 12 months, increases to >200 words, and use of short sentences by age two.
Describe the preoperational stage of cognitive development?
The preparation stage of cognitive development begins at age 2 through age 6. It is characterized by the beginning use of symbolic thinking, imaginative play, and mastering reversibility. In this stage kids are in the symbolic stage of language development. They have actual use of structured grammar and language to communicate, uses pronouns, and the average vocabulary is >10,000 words by age 6.
What in the concrete operations stage of development?
The concrete operations stage of development occurs age 7-11 years. It is characterized by logical thinking and those in this stage masters the use of number and other concrete ideas such as classification and conservation. During this stage patients should have mastery of passive tense by age 7 and complex grammatical skill by age 10.
What is the formal operations stage?
The formal operations stage is the last stage of cognitive development occurring at ages 12 and up. It is characterized by abstract thinking; futuristic; and patients who take broader more theoretical perspectives. Language is near adult like.
What are the measurements from space and distance?
Intimate zone (0-1.5ft) Personal distance (1.5-4ft) Social distance (4-12ft) Public distance (>12ft)
