Chapter 6 Flashcards
(11 cards)
What are the 9 categories of illicit drugs?
Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Hallucinogens inhalants and the non medical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives.
What is the criteria for substance abuse?
The APA defines substance abuse as a maladaptive pattern of substance use with more than 1 event per year.
Describe the criteria for substance dependence.
The criteria for substance depended is a maladaptive pattern of substance use with more than 3 events per year.
What are the trends in alcohol abuse in the aging population?
The prevalence of alcohol abuse decreases with an increase in age, but the aging population have an increase risk in complication due to alcohol use due to:
1. Decreased liver metabolism and kidney function which increases the bioavailability of alcohol in the blood for longer periods of time.
2. Loss of muscle mass; less tissues for alcohol to be distributed which results in increase alcohol concentration in the blood.
3. May be on multiple medication that may interact badly with alcohol. For example: benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antihypertensives, and aspirin.
older adults also have a greater risk of falls, depression, and GI problems associated with alcohol use, but may avoid detection of the problem.
What is AUDIT?
AUDIT is the alcohol use disorder identification test. The test detect less sever alcohol problems such as abuse and dependency disorders. This screening is helpful with ED patients and is sensitive to current instead of past alcohol problems. AUDIT is useful in primary care with adolescents and older adults. AUDIT looks at 3 domain: alcohol consumption, drinking behavior or dependence, and adverse consequences of alcohol. Max score is 4o greater than 8 points for men and greater than 4 points for women, adolescents, and adults older than 60 indicates hazardous drinking consumption.
What is the AUDIT-C?
The AUDIT-C is a shorter form of AUDIT that can be used in acute and critical care units. AUDIT-C is a valid screening test for heavy drinking and/or active alcohol abuse. Possible score is 0-12. A low risk response is less than or equal to 2 points.
Which screening is used to asses women for alcohol problems?
The TWEAK questionnaire identify at risk drinking in women, especially pregnant women. Instead of the guilt questions in the CAGE questionnaire. TWEAK includes a question that measures tolerance. Score 2 points each for tolerance and worry; 1 point each for the rest. A low risk response is less than or equal to one.
What does TWEAK stand for?
- Tolerance: How may drink can you hold/ or how many drinks does it take to make you feel drunk?
- Worry: Have close friends or family worried or complained about you drinking in the past year?
- Eye-opener: Do you sometime take a drink first thing in the morning?
- Amnesia: Has a friend or a family member ever told you about things you said or did that you could not remember?
- Kut down: Do you sometimes feel the need to cut down on your drinking?
What is SMAST-G?
SMAST-G stands for Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - Geriatric version assessing for social or regular drinking of any amount. The SMAST-G address the emotional response and physical reaction that older adults have to alcohol. A low risk response is less than or equal to 0. Composed of 10 yes/no questions.
Describe the CAGE questionnaire?
The cage test is used to identify patients who are at risk drinkers. CAGE stands for Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener. Works well in busy primary care settings. CAGE takes less than 1 minute to complete; 4 straight forward yes/no questions, and test for lifetime alcohol abuse &/or dependence, but does not distinguish past drinking problems from active drinking.
What are the questions used in the cage questionnaire?
- Have you ever thought you should Cut down on your drinking?
- Have you ever been Annoyed by criticism of your drinking?
- Have you ever felt Guilty about your drinking?
- Do you drink in the morning? (i.e., an Eye opener)
