Chapter 1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Anatomy
Study of body structures
Physiology
Study of body functions
Types of anatomy
Gross: surface, regional, systemic, clinical, and developmental
Microscopic: cytology and histology
Types of physiology
Human: cell, organ, systemic, and pathological
Levels of organization from simplest to most complex
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Integumentary
skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
Functions: protection, regulate body temperature, provides sensory information
Skeletal
bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, bone marrow
Functions: support and protection for tissue, stores Ca and other minerals, forms blood cells
Muscular
skeletal muscles and associated tendons
Functions: provides movement, provides protection and support, generates heat that maintains body temp
Nervous
brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs
Functions: directs immediate response to stimuli, coordinates activities of other organ systems, interprets sensory information about external conditions
Endocrine
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, gonads, endocrine tissues in other systems
Functions: directs long-term changes in activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy, controls structural and functional changes during development
Cardiovascular
heart, blood, blood vessels
Function: distributes blood cells, water and dissolved nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and CO2, distributes heat and assists in control of body temp
Lymphatic
spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
Functions: defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream
Respiratory
nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
Functions: delivers air to alveoli, provides oxygen to bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream, produces sounds for communication
Digestive
teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Functions: processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, absorbs nutrients, stores energy reserves
Urinary
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Functions: excretes wastes products from blood, controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced, stores urine prior to voluntary elimination, regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
Male Reproductive
testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum
Functions: produces male sex cells, seminal fluid, and hormones, sexual intercourse
Female Reproductive
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
Functions: produces female sex cells and hormones, supports developing embryo, provides milk to nourish newborn infant, sexual intercourse
Homeostasis
Existence of a stable internal environment where physiological processes prevent harmful changes. Failure to maintain leads to illness or death
How is positive feedback involved in homeostatic regulation
internal stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances original change in condition. Produces extreme responses. Examples are blood clotting and labor/delivery
How is negative feedback involved in homeostatic regulation
counteracts a change, most of the regulatory mechanism are negative
Example is thermoregulation
What are the major body cavities
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
Thoracic
Left and right plural cavities, pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic
Peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
Mediastinum
a mass of tissue that separates the pleural cavities, contains the pericardial cavity, stabilizes and supports the esophagus, trachea, and thymus
