Chapter 1

Question 1

George Miller

Answer 1

Tested digit span
7 + or - 2
Information Theory

Question 2

David Rumelhart

Answer 2

Cognition was a network of connections between simple processing called nodes
Distributed representation
Neural Networks

Question 3

Gordon Bower

Answer 3

Re-interpreted the classic “learning curve” of behaviorists

Question 4

William k. Estes

Answer 4

cognitive approach
Sampling Theory
Introduced an intervening stage

Question 5

Edward Tolman

Answer 5

Neobehaviorist who believed rats were learning more than simple stimulus
Latent Learning
Led way for cognitive approach

Question 6

Skinner

Answer 6

Radial Behaviorist, discovered concept of intermittent reinforcement

Question 7

Clark Hull

Answer 7

Learning proceeds gradually through incremental changes in association strength
Developed mathematical equations to describe relationships among factors
Behaviorism

Question 8

John Watson

Answer 8

Behaviorism

Psychology should be viewed as a purely objective experimental branch of natural science

Question 9

Thorndike

Answer 9

Law of Effect

Instrumental Conditioning

Question 10

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 10

Used classical conditioning

Pavlovian

Question 11

Herman Ebbinghaus

Answer 11

Experimental 
Empirical
experimental
quantitative 
Used nonsense syllables to study memory on himself

Question 12

Charles Darwin

Answer 12

Evolution

Natural selection

Question 13

William James

Answer 13

Experience links ideas in the mind

Question 14

John Locke

Answer 14

Ideas come from experience

associations between simple ides lead to complex ideas

Question 15

Aristotle proposed that ideas are built by rules of association

Answer 15

Contiguity
Frequency
Similarity

Question 16

Distributed Representation

Answer 16

describes the notion that ideas and concepts are coded as an active pattern across many different nodes