Chapter 1

Question 1

Nutrients (6 groups)

Answer 1

Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function (carbohydrates, fats+oils, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water)

Question 2

Organic

Answer 2

Grown with little or no use of synthetic chemicals, contain carbon and hydrogen (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and vitamins)

Question 3

Inorganic

Answer 3

Does not contain carbon and hydrogen (Minerals and water)

Question 4

Macronutrients

Answer 4

Nutrients that our body need in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins)

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Primary energy source, composed of chains of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (whole grains, vegetables and fruits)

Question 6

Fats and Oils

Answer 6

Important source of energy at rest and during low-intensity exercise, composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (vegetable oils, butter and dairy products)

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Support tissue growth, repair and maintenance, composed of amino acids made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (meats, dairy, seeds, nuts, legumes)

Question 8

Vitamins

Answer 8

Assist with release of macronutrients, critical to building/maintaining bone, muscle and blood, support immune function and vision, composed of fat-soluble and water-soluble compounds (fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meats)
“organic compounds that assist in regulation of many body processes and maintenance of many body tissues”
Fat-soluble-not soluble in water, Vitamin A, D, E, K
Water-soluble-Vitamin C and B

Question 9

Minerals`

Answer 9

Assist with fluid regulation and energy production, maintain health of blood and bones, rid body of harmful by-products, composed of single elements like sodium, potassium, calcium, iron (fruits, vegetables, dairy, meats)
“inorganic elements that assist in the regulation of may body processes and maintenance of body tissues”
Major-consume at least 100mg per day (5g total in body)
Trace-less than 100mg per day (less than 5g total)

Question 10

Water

Answer 10

Ensures proper fluid balance, assists in regulation of nerve impulses, body temperature, muscle contractions, composed of hydrogen and oxygen (water, juices, soups, fruits, vegetables)

Question 11

Micronutients

Answer 11

Nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body functions. (vitamins and minerals)

Question 12

Metabolism

Answer 12

chemical reactions where large compounds like carbohydrates, fats, proteins are broken down into smaller units the body can use

Question 13

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI’s)

Answer 13

Set of nutritional reference values that applies to healthy people

Question 14

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Answer 14

Average daily intake level to meed the needs of half the people in a certain group (used to calc RDA)

Question 15

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Answer 15

Average daily intake level estimated to meet the needs of nearly all people in a certain group (aim for this!)

Question 16

Adequate Intake (AI)

Answer 16

Average dailt intake level assumed to be adeuqate (used when EAR can not be determined, or if no RDA)

Question 17

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Answer 17

Highest average daily intake level likely to pose no health risks (don’t go above!)

Question 18

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Answer 18

Recommended range of carbohydrate, fat and protein intake expressed as % of total energy

Question 19

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Answer 19

Average daily energy intake predicted to meet the needs of healthy adults