chapter 1 Flashcards
Intro (25 cards)
how does human society interacts with the earth ?
First, matter flows in from the ecosphere into the human economy as raw materials.
It is then used and processed into usable materials to which the wastes are returned to the ecosphere.
What are the three understanding of perspectives of chemistry?
Macroscopic Perspective, the ones we see substances and reactions
Then the Microscopic Perspective, which interpret and focus on the smallest components of the system.
Together, we communicate these through the Symbolic Perspective.
What is Matter ?
Anything that has mass and can be observed.
What happens to Aluminum if it is in powdered form and expose to oxygen ?
It may ignite.
What are two types of changes that can be distinguished ?
Physical and chemical properties
What are referred to as physical properties and give examples ?
Are properties than can be measured without changing the identity of the substance being observed.
Density, which is ratio of mass to volume
color, temperature, viscosity, boiling and melting points, heat capacity.
What are referred to as chemical properties and give examples ?
It is the chemical changes that a substances undergoes.
like combustion, corrosion.
it is really how the identity of a substance changes with chemical reactions.
What is Malleability ?
It is a measure of a materials ability to be rolled, hammered into thin sheets or alot of different shapes.
What is the top two metals in the ranking of metal malleability ?
- Gold
2. Aluminum
What are the states of matter we observe macroscopically ?
solids, liquids, gasses.
Short description of each state of matter?
Solids- do not change their shape, even in powdered form, it retains it own shape, even a collection takes the shape of the container.
Liquids- they take the shape of the container but does not fill the entire volume of the container, only the portion it occupies.
Gasses- they occupy the entire volume of the container.
All matter comprises of a limited number of ?
Elements
What are molecules?
They are a group of atoms held together, so they form a unit.
Mass of Aluminum ?
Roughly 14 grams
Two types of reasoning ?
Inductive and deductive reasoning
What are inductive and deductive reasoning ?
Inductive begins with a series of specific observations and attempts to generalize to a larger conclusion.
Deductive takes two or more statements and combines them so that a clear and irrefutable conclusion can be drawn.
The boiling point of water in all 3 temperature scales ?
boiling- 100 C, 373 K, 212 F
Melting point - 0 C, 32 K,
Conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit ?
(1.8 x Celsius) +32
Conversion from Celsius to Kelvin ?
Celsius +273.15
When is a zero significant ?
It is significant when it is the final digit after a decimal place or when it is between other significant digits.
Rule of significant figures for multiplication and division?
The result of the calculation must have the same number of significant figures as the factor with the fewest number of significant figures.
Rules of addition and subtraction ?
it is centered around uncertain digits, review for full answer.
Describe the process of Aluminum production ?
It starts off in the digesters in which the crushed ore is mixed with caustic soda and lime to become a slurry. This separates the alumina from the rock or silica materials.
The next step is smelting, is where a chemical reaction is induced and the alumina is dissolved into cryolite. The oxygen atoms are lost to a carbon rod and the aluminum and carbon dioxide is left. Lastly the aluminum fall to the bottom and goes for further purification.
Elastic Modulus
Is the measure of the amount of stretch or compression a material experiences when stressed.
