Chapter 3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Biomass
It is the biological material from plants.
Chemical Equations
It is designed to represent the transformation of one or more chemical species into new substances.
What are reactants and products ?
Reactants are the original materials whilst the products are what is formed after the reaction.
What is an aqueous solution ?
It is a substance dissolved in water.
What symbols are used to indicate what initiate a chemical reactions ?
delta for heat and hv for light energy.
Stoichiometry
This refers to the various quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
What is a solution ?
It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
What is concentration ?
It is how many solutes are in the solution.
if is many it is concentrated and if not is diluted.
What is soluble and insoluble ?
Are compounds that dissolved readily in water are soluble and those that don’t are insoluble.
What is a saturated solution ?
It is a solution where the solutes cannot be dissolved anymore.
What is an electrolyte ?
Are substances that dissolves in water to produce an aqueous solution that conducts electricity.
Two groups of electrolyte
Strong electrolyte- they dissociate or ionize completely so only individual ions are present.
Whereas weak electrolytes are not completely ionized and are partially contain intact molecules and individual ions.
What does covalently bonded materials when dissolved in water does
and what about ionic bonded ones.
So firstly it remains intact and gives the same as the reactant just with aq in brackets
but ionic solids in water splits into its elements on the product side with aq in brackets. often called dissociation reaction.
What is a net ionic equation ?
It is an equation where the spectator ions are not represented
What are spectator ions ?
They are ions that takes no part in the reaction.
What are acids and bases ?
Acids are any substance that dissolves in water to produce H+ ions (or H3O) ions.
Bases are any substance that dissolve in water to produce OH- ions.
What are the products of an acid and base reaction ?
That type of reaction is called neutralization. The product always have water in it along with an ionic compound formed also (known as a salt)
Precipitation Reaction
This is where we have a precipitate (solid) is formed and drops out of solution.
What is a mole ?
It is defined as the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of C-12. The number is referred to as Avogadro’s number and has a value of 6.022E+23
Molar Mass ?
It is the link between the mass of a sample and the number of moles.
How to calculate the number of moles in a compound ?
First of all we calculate the molar mass by multiplying the mass of element to the number of atoms present. we then convert from mass to moles with the given information provided from the question.
Empirical Formulas
It is the measure of the mass percentages of each element in a compound, especially if its an unknown compound.
How to determine empirical formulas ?
First we choose an easy mass to work with like a 100 g.
We then get the mass of each element from that percentage. Afterwards convert that mass to moles (g*mol per mass of element). If you have decimal answers, they are not accepted thus divide every number by the lowest decimal number to get whole numbers, which will give you the empirical formula.
What is an alloy ?
Is a solution in which both the solute and solvent are solids.
