Chapter 2

Question 1

What is monomer ?

Answer 1

These are the many smaller molecules within larger ones

Question 2

How are atoms neutral ?

Answer 2

It is because the number of protons must equal with the number of electrons. But the charge on both are equal just that its opposite in sign

Question 3

What is a polymer?

Answer 3

A large molecule made of many smaller molecules (monomers).

Question 4

What is an isotope?

Answer 4

Atoms of the same element with diff neutron numbers.

Question 5

what is the mass number of an atom ?

Answer 5

It is the sum of the mass of the protons and neutrons.

Question 6

The atomic mass unit is also called ?

Answer 6

a dalton

Question 7

differentiate between atomic mass and atomic weight ?

Answer 7

atomic mass is more about the mass of one individual atom whereas atomic weight is the average mass of a number of atoms of an element.

Question 8

Describe an ion

Answer 8

it is when the number of protons does not equal the number electrons.

Question 9

Negatively charged ions are called

Answer 9

Anions

Question 10

Positively charged ions are called

Answer 10

Cations.

Question 11

Chemical compound

Answer 11

Pure substance made up of atoms of two or more elements joined together by chemical bonds.

Question 12

Chemical Formula

Answer 12

Describes a compounds in terms of its elements.

Question 13

Two types of chemical formula and define them

Answer 13

Molecular formula which describes the atomic composition of a molecule
Empirical formula which give the ratio of the number of atoms of the different elements.

Question 14

The two characteristics of chemical bonds ?

Answer 14

All bonds involve sharing or exchanging of electrons

This leads to lower energy for the compound relative to the separate atoms.

Question 15

Lattice ?

Answer 15

It is an array of oppositely charged ions combined together.

Question 16

The types of bonding and explain them

Answer 16

Ionic bonding- this involves the lattices in which there are gaining and losing of electrons. gaining (anion) losing (cation)
Metallic bonding involves a nuclei and some electrons comprise of a positively charged core at points in the lattices. Thus other electrons can move easily through the free spaces . ( good for electrical conductivity)
Covalent bonding- involves the sharing of electrons. Usually shared in pairs. The main type in forming polymers

Question 17

Periodic Table first proper publisher

Answer 17

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 18

Atomic number

Answer 18

It is the number of protons present.

Question 19

Horizontal row of the periodic table ?

Answer 19

Periods. and is 7 of them top to bottom. In this area we can see how the densities of elements vary

Question 20

Vertical columns of the periodic table ?

Answer 20

Groups, with this we can see elements with similar chemical properties.

Question 21

Alkaline metals

Answer 21

Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs

Question 22

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 22

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba

Question 23

Noble gases

Answer 23

Ne, Ar, Kr Xe

Question 24

Halogens

Answer 24

Fl, Cl, Br, I

Question 25

Transition Metals

Answer 25

are those in the groups that are not the main group elements ( group, 3-12)

Question 26

Mettaloids

Answer 26

are semi-metals between metals and non-metals.

Question 27

What is an isomer ?

Answer 27

Different compounds with same molecular formula.

Question 28

line structure for organic compounds ?

Answer 28

It is a modified version for a structural formula where we know that hydrogen atoms always connects to a carbon atom so remove those and also since carbon is always present in the formula we remove those and leave the lines with the other other element where they were like oxygen or nitrogen or so.

Question 29

what if they give you the line structure and ask to build back the structural formula

Answer 29

Hydrogen atoms can only form one covalent bond to another atom Every carbon atom in organic molecule always forms exactly four covalent bonds. basically for every intersection of line and end of a line put a carbon atom and then make sure to every carbon atom there are four bonds to it. double line means two are already connected.

Question 30

Functional Group ?

Answer 30

It is the way the atoms are arranged when they are together to display the similar chemical properties.

Question 31

What is a carbon-carbon double bond reaction

Answer 31

It is an addition reaction.

Question 32

The naming process for molecules is referred to as ?

Answer 32

Chemical nomenclature.

Question 33

Binary Compounds

Answer 33

They contain only two elements.

Question 34

What happens when two non-metals combine What happens when a non-metal and metal forms When it has ionic names

Answer 34

They form covalent compound They form Ionic compound They are ionic compounds too

Question 35

How do you name covalent compounds

Answer 35

We use the prefixes to to put infront of the element to how much atoms it has lyk N2O3 is Di-nitrogen Tri-oxide. This is for binary compounds.

Question 36

Naming for Ionic compounds.

Answer 36

For monoatomic ions it is based on the root of the element with suffixe -ide so chlorine we know has a -1 so combine with iron 2 we have iron II Chloride. For poly atomic know that if it has more than 2 atoms we go with an -ate ending if not an -ite ending.