Chapter 1

Question 1

therapies that are supported by research

Answer 1

evidence-based treatments

Question 2

involves using evidence from the senses or from instruments that assist the senses as the basis for conclusions

Answer 2

empiricism

Question 3

(prediction) the specific outcome the researcher expects to observe in a study if the theory is accurate

Answer 3

hypothesis

Question 4

a set of observations

Answer 4

data

Question 5

set of statements that describes general principles about how variables relate to one another

Answer 5

theory

Question 6

good theories are supported by data, good theories are falsifiable, and good theories have parsimony

Answer 6

features of good scientific theories

Question 7

a feature of a scientific theory, in which it is possible to collect data that will indicate that the theory is wrong

Answer 7

falsifiability

Question 8

the degree to which a theory provides the simplest explanation of some phenomenon

Answer 8

parsimony

Question 9

a conclusion drawn from reviewing scientific literature and considering the proportion of studies that is consistent with a theory

Answer 9

weight of the evidence

Question 10

research whose goal is to find a solution to a particular real-world problem

Answer 10

applied research

Question 11

research whose goal is to enhance the general body of knowledge, w/o regard for direct application to practical problems

Answer 11

basic research

Question 12

research that uses knowledge derived from basic research to develop and test solutions to real-world problems

Answer 12

translational research