Chapter 5

Question 1

operationalizes a variable by recording people’s answers to questions about themselves in a questionnaire or interview

Answer 1

self-report measure

Question 2

operationalizes a variable by recording observable behaviors or physical traces of behaviors

Answer 2

observational measure

Question 3

operationalizes a variable by recording biological data, such as brain activity, hormone levels, or heart rate

Answer 3

physiological measure

Question 4

measurement applies when the numerals of a quantitative variable represent a ranked order

Answer 4

ordinal scale

Question 5

measurement applies to the numerals of a quantitative variable that meet two conditions

Answer 5

interval scale

Question 6

measurement applies when the numerals of a quantitative variable have equal intervals and when the value of 0 truly means “none”/”nothing” of the variable being measured

Answer 6

ratio scale

Question 7

researcher gets consistent scores every time they use the measure

Answer 7

test-retest reliability

Question 8

consistent scores are obtained no matter who measures the variable

Answer 8

interrater reliability

Question 9

a study participant gives a consistent pattern of answers, no matter how the researcher phrased the question

Answer 9

internal reliability

Question 10

a correlation-based statistic that measures a scale’s internal reliability

Answer 10

Cronbach’s alpha

Question 11

researchers see whether scores on the measure can discriminate among two or more groups whose behavior is already confirmed

Answer 11

known-groups paradigm

Question 12

an empirical test of the extent which a self-report measure correlates with other measures of a theoretical similarity construct

Answer 12

convergent validity