chapter 1

Question 1

brain activity might produce

Answer 1

emotions, thoughts, dreams, memory, perceptions

Question 2

brain activity might be modulated by

Answer 2

physiology, chemistry

Question 3

what is the purpose of the nervous system?

Answer 3

produce, and control behaviour

Question 4

neuroendrocrinology

Answer 4

hormones and behaviour

Question 5

neurochemistry

Answer 5

neurochemicals and behaviour

Question 6

psychopharmocology

Answer 6

effect of drugs on the brain, develops drugs

Question 7

neuropathology

Answer 7

studies diseases brains

Question 8

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 8

human brain imagining, neural underpinnings, humans

Question 9

neuropsychology

Answer 9

patients run tests, neurological disorders

Question 10

psychophysiology

Answer 10

assess how brain changes, ongoing physiology

Question 11

neuroanatomy

Answer 11

understand areas of brain and functions

Question 12

comparative psychology

Answer 12

across species to see fundamentals

Question 13

advantages of human subjects

Answer 13

communication through feedback, experiences, follows instructions, human brain and behaviour, low maintenance, cost effective

Question 14

disadvantages of human subjects

Answer 14

ethics must be non invasive, less information, attrition, uncontrolled lifestyle

Question 15

why was the nun study informative?

Answer 15

more controlled lifestyle, studied predisposed behaviours for atrophy and cognitive refinement looked at idea density in autobiographies

Question 16

what does evolutionary continuity and the comparative approach of psychology tell us?

Answer 16

insights into the role of function and behavioural differences, homology in chemical, and anatomical attributes, fundamental brain-behaviour interactions

Question 17

what are the advantages of non-human subjects?

Answer 17

• invasive direct measurements of brain and behaviour can manipulate the brain with lesions, drugs, comparative approach, controlled lifestyles, simple nervous systems, less ethical constraints

Question 18

what are disadvantages of non-human subjects?

Answer 18

cannot communicate, high maintenance, ethics cost; reduce and refine

Question 19

what is the purpose of experiments?

Answer 19

to study causation

Question 20

what is the goal of an experiment?

Answer 20

to have one possible explanation for effects observed

Question 21

how can experiments be more efficient?

Answer 21

keeping method simple, avoid confounding/ extraneous variables

Question 22

how can confounding variables be avoided?

Answer 22

treatment of control vs experimental conditions should be the exact same outside of the manipulation of the independent variable; within subjects design

Question 23

Quasi Experimental studies

Answer 23

unethical to assign groups of human, need to examine the real world but cannot have random assignment or manipulation of independent variable

Question 24

What are the drawbacks of Quasi experimental studies?

Answer 24

only correlational data, groups are self-assigned, cannot control confounding variables

Question 25

case studies

Answer 25

focus on one subject in depth, cannot generalize but are informative and valuable in combination with experiments and studies

Question 26

rodent studies of alcohol exposure show how

Answer 26

neurotoxic effects, interference with vitamin B metabolism, thiamine deficiency, brain damage in thiamine deficiency.

Question 27

pure research

Answer 27

conducted for learning new information

Question 28

applied research

Answer 28

conducted to benefit mankind

Question 29

neural control of behaviour

Answer 29

direct (invasive manipulation and recording from brain, basic/ pure

Question 30

behaviour on drugs

Answer 30

develop drugs to manipulate or treat brain, understand drug addiction

Question 31

brain damage studies

Answer 31

case and Quasi experimental studies with heavy focus on cerebral cortex function, most applied

Question 32

effect of brain on peripheral physiology

Answer 32

non-invasive, understand effect of psychology on body

Question 33

neural basis of human cognition

Answer 33

human brain imaging, interdisciplinary methods and theory

Question 34

evolutionary biology of behaviour

Answer 34

evolutionary psychology, behavioural genetics

Question 35

what enables progress in biopsychology?

Answer 35

converging approaches that involves using different approaches to focus on the same problem.