Chapter 1 Abdominal Overview

Question 1

_____ consists of serosal fluid and typically appears simple and anechoic

Answer 1

Benign ascites

Question 2

The _____ consists of a parietal and visceral layer

Answer 2

Peritoneum

Question 3

The double lining of the abdominal cavity is the:

Answer 3

Peritoneum

Question 4

The kidney function is to:

Answer 4

•regulate blood volume
•filter the blood
•regulate blood pressure

Question 5

Abdominal sonography should be performed prior to radiographic exams that utilize:

Answer 5

Barium contrast agents

Question 6

____ can be a malignant form of ascites

Answer 6

Exudate ascites

Question 7

Carcinoma of the kidney, AKA renal cell carcinoma

Answer 7

Hypernephroma

Question 8

_____ is a tumor marker that may be used in cases of suspected testicular malignanancy

Answer 8

hCG

Question 9

The malignant tumor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 9

Hepatoma

Question 10

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity that may be associated with cancer

Answer 10

Exudate ascites

Question 11

What organs have both exocrine and endocrine functions (3):

Answer 11

•pancreas
•testicles
* Ovaries

Question 12

_____ extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis

Answer 12

Greater sac

Question 13

Malignant pediatric liver tumor

Answer 13

Hepatoblastoma

Question 14

Primary bile duct cancer

Answer 14

Chol-angio-carcinoma

Question 15

Glands that release their hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 15

Endocrine glands

Question 16

____ occurs when the Doppler sampling rate (PRF) is not high enough to accurately display the Doppler frequency shift

Answer 16

Aliasing

Question 17

A rare malignant tumor of the spleen that is derived from blood vessels

Answer 17

Angiosarcoma

Question 18

Occurs when the sound beam strikes a structure in a non perpendicular manner, resulting in a loss of the true echogencity of the structure

Answer 18

Anisotrophy

Question 19

Small echogenic calcifications that result from inflammation of the tissue in that area (common in the pancreas)

Answer 19

Granulomas

Question 20

The MOST MALIGNANT form of GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE with possible METASTASIS to the LIVER, LUNGS and VAGINA

Answer 20

Chori-o-carcinoma

Question 21

An islet cell tumor found within the pancreas

Answer 21

Gastrinoma

Question 22

Caused by attenuation of the sound beam

Answer 22

Shadowing

Question 23

The insulinoma is a

Answer 23

Benign pancreatic tumor

Question 24

The testicular endocrine function is to produce

Answer 24

Testosterone

Question 25

____ release their enzymes through ducts

Answer 25

Exocrine glands

Question 26

Testicular exocrine function is to produce

Answer 26

Sperm

Question 27

**Blood returning** from the **heart** from the **system circulation** is via:

Answer 27

Superior vena cava (SVC) & inferior vena cava (IVC)

Question 28

_____ is caused by air or bowel gas

Answer 28

Dirty shadowing

Question 29

_____ provided blood to the lungs and drains the lungs as well

Answer 29

Pulmonary circulation

Question 30

A **build up of lymphatic fluid** most likely caused by obstruction of this drainage process with subsequent _swelling_ is:

Answer 30

Lymphedema

Question 31

Leukocytosis or an elevation in WBC count indicates:

Answer 31

Presence of an inflammatory response due to infection

Question 32

Patient needs to be well hydrated if the urinary bladder is being assessed for:

Answer 32

•intraluminal masses •irregularities •urinary stones

Question 33

Pancreatic endocrine function is to produce the hormones:

Answer 33

•insulin •glucogan •so-mato-statin

Question 34

The exocrine function is to produce the digestive enzymes:

Answer 34

•amylase •lipase •sodium bi-carbon-ate

Question 35

A common benign renal tumor that consists of a network of blood vessels, muscle and fat:

Answer 35

Angiomyolipoma

Question 36

Malignant pediatric tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland and anywhere within the sympathetic NERVOUS system:

Answer 36

Neuroblastoma

Question 37

The most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass; a malignant renal mass AKA nephroblastoma

Answer 37

Wilms tumor

Question 38

A malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis

Answer 38

Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 39

What are the salivary glands?

Answer 39

•parotid gland •submandibular gland •sublingual gland

Question 40

What are the 6 intraperitoneal organs:

Answer 40

1. Gallbladder 2. Ovaries 3. Liver 4. Spleen 5. Stomach 6. Some bowel

Question 41

What are the endocrine organs/structure:

Answer 41

•adrenal gland •ovaries •pineal body •parathyroid glands •pancreatic islets •thymus gland •thyroid gland •testes (AOPPPTTT)

Question 42

Occurs behind strong, granular and irregular surfaces like crystals, calculi, or calcifications

Answer 42

Twinkle artifact

Question 43

A type of **reverberation artifact** **caused by** several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as **gas bubbles** is?

Answer 43

Comet tail artifact

Question 44

Enlargement of a lymph node may be referred to as

Answer 44

Lymphadenopathy

Question 45

____ refers to the practices used to render an object or area free of pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 45

Medical asepsis

Question 46

____ may appear as complex fluid with loculations and produce matting of the bowel

Answer 46

Exudate ascites

Question 47

The superior vena cava and IVC empty into:

Answer 47

Right atrium of the heart

Question 48

_____ have smooth walls or boarders, demonstrate through transmission, are anechoic and are round in shape (STAR criteria)

Answer 48

Simple cyst

Question 49

_____ have a large amount of internal debris, septations, mural nodules, have a fluid-fluid level, or other components

Answer 49

Complex cyst

Question 50

Why do diabetic patients need to be scheduled early in the morning for fasting studies?

Answer 50

Prevent hypoglycemia episodes

Question 51

A liver _enzyme_ most specific to **hepatocellular damage**

Answer 51

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Question 52

An _enzyme_ found in **liver tissue** that can be **_elevated_ with _biliary obstruction_**

Answer 52

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)