Chapter 12 The Face And Neck

Question 1

______is the most common form of salivary gland cancer ?

Answer 1

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 2

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as:

Answer 2

Pyramidal lobe

Question 3

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

Answer 3

Endocrine

Question 4

_____is an autoimmune disease that affects the glands that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands and dryness of eyes, nose, and skin

Answer 4

Sjogren syndrome

Question 5

______is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid?

Answer 5

Thyroxine

Question 6

Hormones produced by the thyroid:

Answer 6

• Thyroxine
• Triiodothyronine
• Calcitonin

Question 7

Psammoma bodies are:

Answer 7

Punctate calcific deposits

Question 8

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

Answer 8

Superior thyroid artery

Question 9

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

Answer 9

Strap

Question 10

Term for stones within the salivary duct?

Answer 10

Sialolithiasis

Question 11

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater that ______is indicative of thyroid enlargement

Answer 11

10mm

Question 12

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?

Answer 12

Common carotid artery

Question 13

What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland?

Answer 13

Esophagus

Question 14

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?

Answer 14

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 15

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?

Answer 15

Longus colli

Question 16

The thyroid gland utilizes _______to produce its hormones?

Answer 16

Iodine

Question 17

______is the duct that drains the submandibular gland?

Answer 17

Wharton duct

Question 18

In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces:

Answer 18

Too few thyroid hormones

Question 19

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:

Answer 19

Colloid

Question 20

What muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect?

Answer 20

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 21

What gland is located immediately anterior to the ear?

Answer 21

Parotid gland

Question 22

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 22

Graves disease

Question 23

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism? (Name)

Answer 23

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 24

What is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

Answer 24

Papillary

Question 25

What **abnormality** is associated with the sonographic findings of a **thyroid inferno**?

Answer 25

Graves disease

Question 26

Describe the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node:

Answer 26

Hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum

Question 27

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:

Answer 27

10mm

Question 28

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?

Answer 28

Calcium

Question 29

______ would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?

Answer 29

Cold nodule

Question 30

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a :

Answer 30

Branchial cleft cyst

Question 31

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?

Answer 31

4

Question 32

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:

Answer 32

Thyroglossal duct cysts

Question 33

Because of the mass within the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the muscle shortens, resulting in the twisting of the infants chin toward the nonaffected side termed:

Answer 33

Congenital muscular torticollis

Question 34

Where are Branchial cleft cysts most often found?

Answer 34

Near the angle of the mandible and appear as an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement

Question 35

_____are benign congenital cysts located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland and are typically located below the hyoid bone

Answer 35

Thyroglossal duct cysts

Question 36

Low level of calcium is known as:

Answer 36

Hypocalcemia

Question 37

An elevated level of calcium is referred to as:

Answer 37

Hypercalcemia

Question 38

The parathyroid glands serve as:

Answer 38

Calcium regulators for the body

Question 39

Normal parathyroid glands will measure:

Answer 39

5.0mm X 3.0mm X 1.0mm

Question 40

Nodular hyperplasia the most common cause of:

Answer 40

Thyroid nodules

Question 41

The bilateral sublingual glands are located:

Answer 41

Just under the tongue and anterior to the submandibular glands

Question 42

The submandibular gland is drained by the :

Answer 42

Wharton duct

Question 43

The paired bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles are located:

Answer 43

Posterior to the parotid glands

Question 44

The _____ are the largest of the salivary glands and are consequently the most likely to be analyzed with sonography

Answer 44

Parotid gland

Question 45

The thyroid consists of multiple follicles that contain a fluid called:

Answer 45

Colloid

Question 46

The much larger stenocleidomastoid muscular pass lateral to the:

Answer 46

Thyroid lobes

Question 47

The longus colli muscles are seen:

Answer 47

Posterior to each lobe

Question 48

_____is a condition that results from the overproduction of the thyroid hormones

Answer 48

Hyperthyroidism

Question 49

A thyroid volume can be calculated using the formula:

Answer 49

Lenght X Width X Thickness X 0.529

Question 50

_____is a condition that results from the under production of thyroid hormones

Answer 50

Hypothyroidism

Question 51

Normal thyroid tissue is:

Answer 51

Homogenous and consists of medium to high level echogenicities similar to testes

Question 52

A thyroid and neck sonogram is performed with a _____ transducer

Answer 52

High-frequency linear

Question 53

An isthmus that measures greater than _____may be indicative of thyroid enlargement

Answer 53

10cm

Question 54

Causes of Goiter include:

Answer 54

*Iodine deficiency *Graves disease *Thyroiditis

Question 55

______is defined as an enlarged, hyperplastic thyroid gland

Answer 55

Goiter

Question 56

Clinical findings of a parathyroid adenoma

Answer 56

1. Elevated serum calcium 2. Elevated PTH

Question 57

Clinical findings of Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 57

1. Depression 2. Increased cold sensitivity 3. Elevated blood cholesterol levels 4. Slight weight gain may occur 5. Puffy face and puffiness under the eyes

Question 58

Clinical findings of Graves disease

Answer 58

1. Bulging eyes 2. Heat intolerance 3. Nervousness 4. Weight loss 5. Hair loss

Question 59

Clinical findings of fibromatosis colli

Answer 59

1. Pediatric palpable neck mass 2. Torticollis (twisted neck with the chin angled to the nonaffected side)

Question 60

Clinical findings of abnormal lymph nodes

Answer 60

1. Palpable neck mass (possibly) 2. Enlarged nodes may be painful

Question 61

Clinical findings of a thyroglossal duct cyst

Answer 61

1. Palpable mass within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland 2. Infected cysts may be painful

Question 62

Clinical findings of a Branchial cleft cysts

Answer 62

1. Palpable neck mass located near the angle of the mandible 2. Infected cysts may be painful

Question 63

Clinical findings of a Goiter

Answer 63

1. Palpable (and possibly visually) enlarged thyroid gland 2. Dyspnea 3. Dysphagia 4. Feeling of tightening in the throat 5. Coughing 6. Hoarseness

Question 64

Sonographic findings of fibromatosis colli (3):

Answer 64

1. Fusiform-shaped mass within the sternocleidomastoid muscle 2. calcifications that shadow 3. hyperemic pattern

Question 65

Sonographic findings of a brachial cleft cyst

Answer 65

1. Anechoic mass near the angle of the mandible

Question 66

Sonographic findings of thyroglossal duct cyst

Answer 66

1. Anechoic, well-defined and unilocular cyst with posterior enhancement 2. May have internal components

Question 67

Sonographic findings of abnormal lymph nodes (5):

Answer 67

1. Enlargement of the node > 1cm 2. Round shaped 3. Loss of the echogenic hilum 4. Calcifications 5. May be hyperemic or demonstrate abnormal vascular patterns with color doppler

Question 68

Sonographic findings of a parathyroid adenoma

Answer 68

1. Hyperechoic mass adjacent to the thyroid

Question 69

Sonographic findings of a goiter

Answer 69

1. Enlarged thyroid gland (isthmus that exceed 1cm in the anteroposterior plane) 2. Diffusely heterogeneous echotexture 3. Multiple nodules with cystic and solid components

Question 70

Sonographic findings of graves disease

Answer 70

1. Enlarged gland 2. Heterogeneous or diffusely hypoechoic echotexture 3. Thyroid inferno

Question 71

Sonographic findings of Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 71

1.Mild enlargement of the thyroid gland (initially) 2. Heterogenous echotexture 3. Multiple ill-defined hypoechoic regions separated by fibrous hyperechoic tissue 4. Hypervascular gland