Chapter 1 - Anatomy Physiology

Question 1

Name 21 bones in the body

Answer 1

• Cranium
• Vertebrae
• Sternum
• Clavicle
• Scapula
• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Carpals
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges
• Ribs
• Pelvis
• Femur
• Patella
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Talus
• Metatarsals
• Phalanges

Question 2

Describe a flat bone

Answer 2

• Quite large
• Protects vital organs

Question 3

Describe a long bone

Answer 3

• Allow gross movements

Question 4

Describe a short bone

Answer 4

• Allows finer, controlled movements

Question 5

Describe an irregular bone

Answer 5

Specifically shaped to protect (vertebrae protects spinal cord)

Question 6

Name the 5 joints where articulating bones meet

Answer 6

• Shoulder:
  Scapula, clavicle, humerus
• Elbow:
  Humerus, Radius, Ulna
• Hip:
  Pelvis, femur
• Knee
  Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula
• Ankle
  Tibia, Fibula, Talus

Question 7

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton

Answer 7

• Support
• Shape
• Movement
• Protection
• Blood cell production
• Mineral storage

Question 8

What attaches muscle to bone

Answer 8

Tendons

Question 9

What attaches bone to bone

Answer 9

Ligaments

Question 10

What stops the bones rubbing together in a synovial joint

Answer 10

Synovial liquid -
A slippery liquid that lubricates the joint and stops bones rubbing together.

Question 11

What else stops the bones rubbing together

Answer 11

Cartilage -
A flexible tissue that prevents the bones from rubbing together and causing friction.

Question 12

What does the Bursae do

Answer 12

A sac filled with liquid that floats inside the joint to reduce friction between tendons and bone.

Question 13

What stops the synovial liquid from escaping

Answer 13

Joint capsule -
A tissue that encloses the synovial liquid whilst supporting and holding the bones together.

Question 14

What releases the synovial liquid

Answer 14

Synovial membrane -
Lining inside the joint.

Question 15

What are the 2 types of freely moving joints

Answer 15

• Hinge joint
• Ball and socket joint

Question 16

What joints are hinge joints

Answer 16

Elbow, Knee, Ankle

Question 17

What joints are ball and socket joints

Answer 17

Shoulder, Hip

Question 18

What movements does a hinge joint allow

Answer 18

• Flexion
• Extension
• Plantar flexion
• Dorsi flexion

Question 19

What movements does a ball and socket joint allow

Answer 19

• Adduction
• Abduction
• Rotation
• Circumduction

Question 20

Give an example of adduction and abduction

Answer 20

Breaststroke at the shoulder joint

Question 21

Give an example of circumduction

Answer 21

Butterfly at the shoulder

Question 22

What is the muscle that contracts called

Answer 22

Agonist

Question 23

What is the muscle that relaxes called

Answer 23

Antagonist

Question 24

What are 4 agonistic pairs

Answer 24

• Biceps + Triceps = flexion + extension
• Hamstring + Quadricep = flexion + extension
• Gluteal + Hip flexors = flexion + extension
• Tibialis anterior + Gastrocnemius = plantarflexion + dorsiflexion

Question 25

What is an isotonic contraction

Answer 25

When the muscles changes length, resulting in a limb movement. They can be: - Concentric = muscle contracts + shortens. - Eccentric = muscle contracts + lengthens. e.g. bicep curl.

Question 26

What is isometric contraction

Answer 26

Where the muscle contracts but there is no visible movement e.g. plank.