Chapter 4 - Sports psychology Flashcards
(36 cards)
Define skill
A learned action or behaviour, with the intention of bringing about pre-determined results, with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy.
Define ability
An inherited, stable trait that determines an indiviudal’s potential to learn or acquire a skill.
What is one disadvantage of having an ability?
It can affect a person’s potential to learn or improve a skill.
How is a skill classified?
On a continuum (a line with a classification extreme at each end).
What are the 8 classifications of skills?
Basic - Complex
Open - Closed
Self paced - externally paced
Gross movement - Fine movement
Define a basic skill and give a sporting example.
The skill has a small cognitive element with a limited amount of information to progress.
e..g - doing a cartwheel.
Define a complex skill and give a sporting example
Involves a high level of decision making and has a large cognitive element.
e.g. Gymnastics bars, Basketball marking the key.
Define a open skill and give a sporting example
It is affected by the sporting environment. the performer has to make decisions in response to their surroundings.
e.g. Netball interception, tackling in Football.
Define a closed skill and give a sporting example
Less decision making because it has a predictable environment, the performer can take their time to execute the skill.
e.g. Golf swing, diving.
Define a self-paced skill and give a sporting example
At the control of the performer. The rate of execution is decided before the execution.
e.g. Cross Country - pace.
Define an externally-paced skill and give a sporting example
Controlled by factors out of control of the performer, who may have to react to external conditions.
e.g. Athletics - gun.
Define a fine skill and give a sporting example
Small, delicate muscle movements e.g. meta carpals.
e.g. Archery - shooting.
Define a gross skill and give a sporting example
A large muscle group movement e.g. quadricep’s.
e.g. Rugby - tackling.
Classify the skills involved in a tennis serve.
Tennis serve:
Complex.
Closed.
Self-paced.
Gross movement.
What is a performance goal?
A goal concerned with previous bests i.e. to swim a new personal best or get a pb in track.
What is an outcome goal?
A goal linked to an end result (usually a tangible reward) i.e. winning a competition or receiving a medal/trophy.
What are the SMART targets?
Specific
Measurable
Accepted
Realistic
Time-bound
What is information processing?
The process that a performer goes through when they make and act on decisions.
What are the 4 steps of the information processing model?
Input, Decision making, Output + Feedback.
Evaluate on the input stage.
- Cues from environment e.g. pick out the flight of the ball.
- They will receive input through their senses.
- They will receive a lot and will having to select what to focus on.
Evaluate on the decision making
stage.
- The performer must decide what do to with the stimulus identified that comes out of their short and long term memory.
- E.g. the performer will have to decide whether or not to move the position of their feet.
- Elite performers tend to use their long term memory more to make decisions as they have more opportunities to rehearse this information.
Evaluate on the output stage.
- The decision is acted on.
- Information from the performers brain is sent to their working muscles to carry out the required response.
- E.g. Muscles are instructed to move accordingly so the catch can be executed.
Evaluate on the feedback stage.
- Information received via intrinsic (self) and extrinsic (outside) sources are used to repeat the process or adjust depending on success rate.
- Data received in response to the output can become the input for future decisions.
- Kinaesthetic feedback is received by the receptors in the muscles. These physical sensations generated by movement also provide a form of intrinsic feedback.
Define the state of arousal.
A physical or mental state that ranges from complete readiness and alertness to very deep sleep.
