Chapter 1 book review

Question 1

The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierachy is:
a) organ, organ system, cellular, chemical, tissue organismal
b) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organismal, organ, organ system
c) chemical, cellular tissue, organ, organ system, organismal.
d) organismal, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular chemical

Answer 1

C) chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

Question 2

The structural and functional unit of life is:
a) cell
b) an organ
c) the organism
d) a molecule

Answer 2

a) cell

Question 3

Which of the following is a major functional characteristic of all organisms?
a) movement
b) growth
c) metabolism
d) responsivness
e) all the above

Answer 3

e) all the above

Question 4

two of these organ systems bear the major responsibility for ensuring homeostasis of the internal environment. Which of the two?
a) nervous system
b) digestive system
c) cardiovascular system
d) endocrine system
e) reproductive system

Answer 4

A) nervous system
d) endocrine system

Question 5

In (a)-(e), a directional term is followed by terms indicating different body structures or locations. in each case choose the structure or organ that matches the given directional term
a) distal: the elbow/the wrist
b) lateral: the hip bone/ the umbilicus
c) superior: the nose/chin
d) anterior: the toes/the heel
e) superficial: the scalp/ skull

Answer 5

a) wrist
b) the hip bone
c) the nose
d) the toes
e) the scalp

Question 6

which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection?
a) thoracic cavity
b) abdominal cavity
c) pelvic cavity

Answer 6

b) abdominal cavity

Question 7

terms that apply to the backside of the body in the anatomical position include:
a) ventral; anterior
b) back; rear
c) posterior; dorsal
d) medial; lateral

Answer 7

c) posterior; dorsal

Question 8

according to the principle of complimentarity, how does anatomy relate to physiology?

Answer 8

function (physiology) reflects structure (anatomy); structure will determine and/or influence function

Question 9

list and describe briefly five external factors that must be present or provided to sustain life

Answer 9

1. nutrients: the chemical substances used for energy and cell building.
2. oxygen: used in the reactions that produce cellular energy
3. water: the liquid environment necessary for all chemical reactions
4. body temperature: to maintain the proper temperature for chemical reactions to proceed
5. atmospheric pressure: to allow gas exchange to occur

Question 10

Define homestastis

Answer 10

the ability to maintain internal conditions within a narrow set of limits, even in the face of continuous change in the outside world.

Question 11

define plane and section

Answer 11

plane: refers to imaginary flat surface
section: refers to a cut along that imaginary surface

Question 12

provide the anatomical term that correctly names each of the following body regions
a) arm
b) thigh
c) chest
d) fingers and toes
e) anterior aspect of the knee

Answer 12

a) arm–brachial
b) thigh–femoral
c) chest–thoracic
d) toes and fingers–digits
e) anterior aspect of the knee– patellar