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AQA History ELIZABETHAN > Chapter 1 ; Elizabeth's Court and Parliament > Flashcards

Chapter 1 ; Elizabeth's Court and Parliament Flashcards

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1
Q

How old was Elizabeth when she became Queen?

A

25

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2
Q

When was Elizabeth born?

A

1533

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3
Q

What happened to Elizabeth’s mother?

A

accused of treason / adultery
- executed 1536

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4
Q

How did Elizabeth feel towards her father?

A

loved and admired him

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5
Q

How did Henry VIII feel towards Elizabeth?

A

declared her illegitimate
killed her cousins
executed mother

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6
Q

Who was Roger Ascham?

A

Cambridge scholar
- educated her in languages

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7
Q

Who was Kat Ashley?

A

lifelong friend
Governess

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8
Q

Who was Edward VI?

A

younger half brother
- made LJG his heir not his sisters

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9
Q

Who was Mary I?

A

older half sister
- saw Elizabeth as product of bigamous marriage

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10
Q

What was Mary’s religious angle?

A

proudly Catholic
- burnt 300 protestants

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11
Q

Who was Catherine Parr?

A

Henry’s sixth wife
- influenced Protestantism

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12
Q

Who was Thomas Seymour?

A
  • Jane brother
  • Catherine P husband
  • flirting scandal - executed
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13
Q

What problems did Elizabeth face when she came to the throne?

A

gender
legitimacy
marriage
peace/prosperity
councillors
abroad
financial weakness

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14
Q

Why was gender a problem for Elizabeth?

A

patriarchal society
husband have power over - legal authority

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15
Q

Why was legitimacy a problem for Elizabeth?

A

Catholic Pope did not recognize parents’ marriage
- catholic plots/rebellions

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16
Q

Why was marriage a problem?

A

heir
unsuitable suitors

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17
Q

Why was peace and prosperity a problem?

A

following troubled time of religious conflict and poverty
- avoid rebellions

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18
Q

Why was choosing councillors a problem?

A

many had worked for Mary I
- 12 out of 19

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19
Q

Why was challenges from abroad a problem?

A

strong catholic countries
- weak, poor

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20
Q

Why was financial weakness a problem?

A

in debt from previous reigns

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21
Q

When Elizabeth came to the throne, how much debt was England in?

A

£260,000 debt

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22
Q

What was the Great Chain of Being?

A

hierarchical structure of all things

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23
Q

Who leads the privy council?

A

Secretary of State

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24
Q

What is the Privy Council responsible for?

A

day-to-day running of country

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25
2 previous Secretary of State leaders
-William Cecil -Francis Walsingham
26
What was Parliament made up of?
-House of Commons -House of Lords
27
Who made up the House of Lords?
-nobles -bishops
28
What is a monopoly?
exclusive right to trade in a specific product
29
Why did Elizabeth use monopolies?
to maintain loyalty of powerful men
30
What is patronage?
land, titles or power given to ensure an individuals support
31
What is the Divine Right of Kings?
monarch chosen by God
32
What is a progress?
Queen and court taking a journey to show public who she was and her court
33
When was William Cecil appointed as Secretary of State?
1558
34
Who was Francis Walsingham?
-MP -Secretary of State -uncovered plot that let to Mary QoS execution
35
Who was Robert Dudley?
-Earl of Leicester -privy councillor -romantic interest with Elizabeth
36
How did Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex become friends?
through Essex's step father - Earl of Leicester
37
What monopoly did the Earl of Essex have?
sweet wine
38
Who did the Earl of Essex have rivalry with?
Robert Cecil
39
Why did the Earl of Essex and Robert Cecil have rivalry?
jealousy
40
Why did the Queen and Essex fall out?
- turned his back - drew his sword
41
When did Essex fall out with the Queen?
1598
42
When did Essex join the Privy Council?
1595
43
What did Essex become in January 1599?
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
44
How did Essex fail in Ireland?
- made truce - knighted army leaders (all forbidden by Queen)
45
How did Essex's failure in Ireland affect him?
sweet wine monopoly not renewed - debts
46
When did Essex begin to gather supporters for his rebellion?
february 1601
47
How many privy councillors did Essex take hostage?
4 privy councillors
48
How many followers marched with Essex to London house?
200 supporters
49
Why did Essex's rebels abandon him?
labelled as traitor by Robert Cecil
50
How was Essex beheaded?
privately
51
What reasons did Elizabeth have for staying single?
Mary's marriage childbirth risky male legal authority
52
How would marriage affect Elizabeth's reign as Queen?
gain legal authority - Englishman - foreign prince
53
How did not naming a successor benefit Elizabeth?
stop public rebelling prevent assassination
54
How did Parliament feel about the succession crisis?
in conflict - wanted husband
55
Who were the potential successors to Elizabeth?
Stuarts Suffolk
56
What had Henry VIII's will stated?
should all 3 children die heirless - descendants of Mary, Duchess of Suffolk
57
What happened to the descendants of Duchess of Suffolk?
Lady Jane Grey executed in 1533 after attempting to seize throne
58
Why was Mary Queen of Scots claim to the throne stronger than the descendants of the Duchess of Suffolk?
descended from Henry's older sister
59
Who were the other two descendants of Mary, Duchess of Suffolk?
Lady Catherine Lady Mary - Protestant
60
Why was Mary Queen of Scots a controversial claimant to the throne?
brought up in France devout Catholic
61
Who succeeded Elizabeth?
James VI Scotland - James I England
62
Who was James I England?
son of Mary Queen of Scots
63
Who was Philip II?
Catholic, King of Spain
64
What were the benefits of marrying Philip II?
South American colonies wealthy powerful
65
What were the disadvantages of marrying Philip II?
married Mary - disaster Catholic
66
What were the benefits to marrying Eric of Sweden?
Protestant intelligent cultured
67
What were the disadvantages of marrying Eric of Sweden?
mental instability murdered opposing family engaged in conflict with nobility
68
What were the benefits to marrying Duke of Alencon and Anjou?
influence over France heirless brother - King
69
What were the disadvantages of marrying Duke of Alencon and Anjou?
Catholic fall under French rule Elizabeth 46
70
What were the benefits to marrying Charles of Austria?
Hapsburg family
71
What were the disadvantages of marrying Charles of Austria?
Catholic
72
What were the benefits to marrying Robert Dudley?
Protestant royal court + government
73
What were the disadvantages of marrying Robert Dudley?
suspicious death of wife - attempted murder?
74
Who made up the Royal Court?
servants, advisers, friends
75
What was the role of the Royal Court?
give advice impression of power
76
What was the role of the Secretary of State?
advised on safety and security
77
When did William Cecil become Secretary of State?
1573
78
Who was the most important member of the Privy Council?
Secretary of State
79
What was the role of the Privy Council?
advise and direct policy monitor law and order
80
What was the role of the Justices of Peace?
enforced law
81
Who were Justices of Peace?
nobility + gentry - unpaid - position of status
82
How did patronage help the queen
remained at heart of political system
83
What was wrong with patronage?
highly corrupt competition
84
What was patronage?
important jobs to particular men
85
What were progresses?
major public relations exercises
86
How did progresses help the Queen?
lived at expense of subjects provided time to fumigate royal residences
87
Who made up the Lord Lieutenant?
nobility Privy Council
88
What was the role of the Lords Lieutenants?
raising + training militia overseeing defences spread laws
89
What was the role of Parliament?
pass laws taxation connect Queen to lower classes
90
How many times did Queen call Parliament?
13 times to discuss tax
91
Who made up the House of Lords?
bishops nobles
92
Who made up the House of Commons?
gentry
93
How did MPs become overconfident?
argued royal prerogative - religion, sucession, marriage
94
How did Elizabeth respond to discussion of marriage in parliament?
banned in 1566
95
How did Elizabeth respond to freedom of speech in parliament?
Peter Wentworth arrested 3 times
96
How did parliament respond to Mary Queen of Scots?
execution - threat to national security
97
How did Elizabeth respond to criticism of monopolies in parliament?
speech agreeing to make change without promising much
98
Who criticised monopolies and when?
Robert Bell criticised monopolies in 1571
99
How did parliament respond to crime and poverty?
poor laws
100
How did parliament respond to religion?
mainly protestant - agreed to anti-Catholic laws

AQA History ELIZABETHAN (4 decks)

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