Chapter 1 Intro to A&P

Question 1

describes the STRUCTURES of the body
*shape, composition, location

Answer 1

ANATOMY

Question 2

study of the FUNCTIONS of anatomical structures

Answer 2

PHYSIOLOGY

Question 3

a body part’s___ determines its___

Answer 3

structure, function

Question 4

enumerate the 6 Levels of Organization

Answer 4

1. Chemical or Molecular Level
2. Cellular Level
3. Tissue Level
4. Organ Level
5. Organ System Level
6. Organism Level

Question 5

chemical or molecular level is made up of 2 things.. what are they?

Answer 5

Atoms, Molecules

Question 6

are the smallest chemical units

Answer 6

Atoms

Question 7

group of atoms working together

Answer 7

Molecules

Question 8

group of atoms, molecules and organelles working together

Answer 8

Cells, in cellular level

Question 9

group of similar cells working together

Answer 9

Tissue, in tissue level

Question 10

group of 2 or more different tissues working together

Answer 10

Organ, in organ level

Question 11

group of organs working together

Answer 11

Organ system

Question 12

a human is an organism

Answer 12

organism level

Question 13

Chemical and Molecular Level process

Answer 13

1. atoms in combination
2. complex protein molecule
3. protein filaments

Question 14

all body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

Answer 14

Homeostasis

Question 15

give example of homeostasis

Answer 15

body temperature, fluid balance

Question 16

when the body is unable to return to its normal state, ___or ___ occurs

Answer 16

illness , disease

Question 17

what are the 2 mechanisms of regulation( Homeostasis)

Answer 17

1. Auto regulation (intrinsic) regulation
2. Extrinsic regulation

Question 18

is it the automatic response in a cell, tissue, organ to some environmental change

Answer 18

Auto regulation

Question 19

response to a change in the environment is controlled by an external source

Answer 19

Extrinsic regulation

Question 20

when oxygen levels decrease in an area, cells release vasodilators that dilate vessels and improve blood flow to the area

Answer 20

Auto regulation

Question 21

when body temperature increases, the nervous system recognizes the change and sends instructions that bring the body back down to homeostatic temperature

Answer 21

Extrinsic Regulation

Question 22

homeostatic regulatory mechanisms consists of 3 parts:

Answer 22

1. receptor
2. control center
3. effector

Question 23

*notices the stimulus
*sends info to the control center

Answer 23

receptor

Question 24

processes the info and sends instructions to effector

Answer 24

control center

Question 25

carries out instructions

Answer 25

effector

Question 26

example of receptor

Answer 26

temperature sensors in the skin or hypothalamus

Question 27

example of control center

Answer 27

Brain, or endocrine gland

Question 28

examples of effector

Answer 28

sweat glands or blood vessels

Question 29

2 feedback mechanisms that affect homeostasis

Answer 29

1.Negative feedback 2. Positive feedback

Question 30

the response of the effector **NEGATES** the stimulus( change) *body is brought back to homeostasis

Answer 30

Negative feedback

Question 31

example of negative feedback

Answer 31

cooling the body when hot (vessels dilate) warming when cold( vessels constrict)

Question 32

the response of the effector **INCREASES** change of the stimulus *body is moved away from homeostasis *very rare *used to speed up processes

Answer 32

positive feedback

Question 33

example of positive feedback

Answer 33

contractions during childbirth, blood clotting

Question 34

*when the body is in standard position *hands at sides, palms forward, legs straight, feet together, toes facing forward

Answer 34

anatomical position

Question 35

lying down (on their back) in anatomical position, face up

Answer 35

Supine

Question 36

lying down (on their belly) in anatomical position, face down

Answer 36

Prone

Question 37

are used to describe broad areas of interest or injury

Answer 37

anatomical regions

Question 38

directional terms used to describe the subject's position or the location of body parts relative to each other

Answer 38

anatomical directions

Question 39

R and L always refer to the

Answer 39

patients R and L

Question 40

what are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 40

RUQ/LUQ RLQ/LLQ

Question 41

a three dimensional axis

Answer 41

Plane

Question 42

what are the 3 plane dimensional axis

Answer 42

1. Frontal or Coronal Plane 2. Sagittal Plane 3. Transverse Plane

Question 43

a slice parallel to a plane

Answer 43

Section

Question 44

they are used to visualize internal organization and structure *MRI *CT scan

Answer 44

Planes and Sections

Question 45

separates anterior and posterior portions of the body

Answer 45

frontal or coronal plane

Question 46

separates right and left portions equally

Answer 46

sagittal plane

Question 47

separates superior and inferior portions of the body

Answer 47

transverse plane

Question 48

the plane passes through the midline, dividing the body into right and left sides

Answer 48

midsagittal plane

Question 49

a cut parallel to midsagittal plane separates the body into right and left portions of unequal size

Answer 49

parasagittal plane

Question 50

the body is separated into compartments that house specific organs

Answer 50

Body cavities

Question 51

cavities of the body

Answer 51

1. dorsal cavity ( cranial and vertebral ) 2. ventral cavity (both thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities) 3. thoracic cavity (R&L pleural, mediastinum, pericardium) 4. abdominopelvic cavity ( abdomen, pelvis)

Question 52

surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm

Answer 52

thoracic cavity

Question 53

surrounds right lung surrounds left lung

Answer 53

right pleural cavity left pleural cavity

Question 54

contains the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels, heart, thymus

Answer 54

mediastinum

Question 55

surrounds heart

Answer 55

pericardial cavity

Question 56

extends throughout abdominal cavity and into superior portion of pelvic cavity

Answer 56

peritoneal cavity

Question 57

contains many digestive glands and organs

Answer 57

abdominal cavity

Question 58

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract

Answer 58

pelvic cavity

Question 59

contains the brain

Answer 59

cranial cavity

Question 60

main respiratory muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 60

Diaphragm

Question 61

kidneys and pancreas lie posterior to the parietal peritoneum (behind)

Answer 61

Retroperitoneal space