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Ethics in Psychology > Chapter 1: Intro to Ethics > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro to Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

When did the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT begin?

A

1932

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2
Q

Who began the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT to investigate into the long-term effects of untreated syphilis.

A

US Public Health Service

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3
Q

How many men were subjects to the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT?

A

400 black men

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4
Q

What did the researchers promised the subjects to the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT?

A

Free treatment for ‘bad blood’

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5
Q

What does bad blood refer to?

A

Syphilis

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6
Q

Aim of TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT.

A

To observe the natural course of the disease.

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7
Q

Incentives offered to subjects of TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT

A

Free physical examinations
Free rides to and from the clinics
Hot meals on examination days
Free treatment for minor ailments
Guarantee that a sum of $50 would be paid when they died.

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8
Q

How many years did the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT last?

A

40 years

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9
Q

Who exposed the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT?

A

A journalist, Jean Heller, in 1972.

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10
Q

When did President Clinton gave an official apology about TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT?

A

1997

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11
Q

When was HM born?

A

1926

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12
Q

At what age did he experience a head injury that started a lifetime of epileptic seizures?

A

7

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13
Q

Health-threatening seizures

A

Grand mal attacks

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14
Q

When did HM started having uncontrolled grand mal attacks?

A

Mid twenties

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15
Q

Who was the surgeon who performed the first ‘bilateral medial temporal lobe resection’ in the world?

A

Scoville

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16
Q

Amnesia where you can’t recall memories that were formed before the event that caused the amnesia.

A

Retrograde Amnesia

17
Q

A type of memory loss that occurs when you can’t form new memories.

A

Anterograde amnesia

18
Q

What was the downside of HM’s operation?

A

He acquired retrograde & anterograde amnesia

19
Q

How many years did HM continue to become a subject for different tests/ studies?

A

40 years

20
Q

3 central ethical issues.

A

Informed consent
Costs versus benefits
Treat all people with respect

21
Q

Refers to the idea that any participant in an experiment should be informed about what the research entails and asked formally to consent to take part.

A

Informed consent

22
Q

All researchers believe that their research
offers potential benefits and they recognize that there are certain costs.

A

Costs versus benefits

23
Q

Concerned with or relating to human behaviour, especially the distinction between good and bad or right and wrong behaviour; based on a number of socially agreed principles.

A

Morals

24
Q

A social, religious, or civil code of behaviour considered correct, especially that of a particular group, profession, or individual; the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it.

A

Ethics

25
Q

The ethics of a behaviour can be judged using four categories.

A

Consequences
Actions
Character
Motive

26
Q

Result of the behavior.

A

Consequences

27
Q

Act itself and consider what the person is doing.

A

Actions

28
Q

Whether the person is a good (or virtuous) person who is generally ethical.

A

Character

29
Q

Intentions of the person carrying out the behaviour, and we consider whether
they were trying to do something good.

A

Motive

30
Q

2 levels of ethical practice.

A

Mandatory ethics
Aspirational ethics

31
Q

Describes a level of ethical functioning wherein counselors act in compliance with minimal standards, acknowledging the basic “musts” and “must nots.”; focus is on behavioral rules, such as providing for
informed consent in professional relationships.

A

Mandatory ethics

32
Q

Describes and conduct professional
counselors seek, and it requires that counselors do more than simply meet the letter of the ethics code; entails an understanding of the spirit behind the code and the principles on which the code rests.

A

Aspirational ethics

33
Q

View that some things are simply right or wrong; this position corresponds to common traditional views of morality, particularly of a religious kind which might be called the ‘Ten
Commandments’ idea of morality.

A

Absolute view

34
Q

They believe that all morals are dependent
on context so, for example, they argue that there are situations where stealing is acceptable; the intrinsic ‘wrongness’ of an act may be overridden by other considerations

A

Relativists

35
Q

Herlihy and Corey (2006) suggest that codes of ethics fulfill three objectives:

A

To educate professionals about sound ethical conduct.

Provide a mechanism for professional accountability

Serve as catalysts for improving practice

36
Q

Reading and reflecting on the standards can help practitioners expand their awareness and clarify their values in dealing with the challenges of their work.

A

To educate professionals about sound ethical conduct.

37
Q

Practitioners are obliged not only to monitor their own behavior, but also to encourage ethical conduct in their colleagues.

A

Provide a mechanism for professional accountability

38
Q

When practitioners must interpret
and apply the codes in their own practices, the questions raised help to clarify their
positions on dilemmas that do not have simple or absolute answers.

A

Serve as catalysts for improving practice

39
Q
A

Ethics in Psychology (3 decks)

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