Chapter 1: Intro to Ethics Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

When did the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT begin?

A

1932

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who began the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT to investigate into the long-term effects of untreated syphilis.

A

US Public Health Service

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many men were subjects to the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT?

A

400 black men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did the researchers promised the subjects to the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT?

A

Free treatment for ‘bad blood’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does bad blood refer to?

A

Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aim of TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT.

A

To observe the natural course of the disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Incentives offered to subjects of TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT

A

Free physical examinations
Free rides to and from the clinics
Hot meals on examination days
Free treatment for minor ailments
Guarantee that a sum of $50 would be paid when they died.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many years did the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT last?

A

40 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who exposed the TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT?

A

A journalist, Jean Heller, in 1972.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When did President Clinton gave an official apology about TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT?

A

1997

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was HM born?

A

1926

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what age did he experience a head injury that started a lifetime of epileptic seizures?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Health-threatening seizures

A

Grand mal attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When did HM started having uncontrolled grand mal attacks?

A

Mid twenties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who was the surgeon who performed the first ‘bilateral medial temporal lobe resection’ in the world?

A

Scoville

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Amnesia where you can’t recall memories that were formed before the event that caused the amnesia.

A

Retrograde Amnesia

17
Q

A type of memory loss that occurs when you can’t form new memories.

A

Anterograde amnesia

18
Q

What was the downside of HM’s operation?

A

He acquired retrograde & anterograde amnesia

19
Q

How many years did HM continue to become a subject for different tests/ studies?

20
Q

3 central ethical issues.

A

Informed consent
Costs versus benefits
Treat all people with respect

21
Q

Refers to the idea that any participant in an experiment should be informed about what the research entails and asked formally to consent to take part.

A

Informed consent

22
Q

All researchers believe that their research
offers potential benefits and they recognize that there are certain costs.

A

Costs versus benefits

23
Q

Concerned with or relating to human behaviour, especially the distinction between good and bad or right and wrong behaviour; based on a number of socially agreed principles.

24
Q

A social, religious, or civil code of behaviour considered correct, especially that of a particular group, profession, or individual; the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it.

25
The ethics of a behaviour can be judged using four categories.
Consequences Actions Character Motive
26
Result of the behavior.
Consequences
27
Act itself and consider what the person is doing.
Actions
28
Whether the person is a good (or virtuous) person who is generally ethical.
Character
29
Intentions of the person carrying out the behaviour, and we consider whether they were trying to do something good.
Motive
30
2 levels of ethical practice.
Mandatory ethics Aspirational ethics
31
Describes a level of ethical functioning wherein counselors act in compliance with minimal standards, acknowledging the basic “musts” and “must nots.”; focus is on behavioral rules, such as providing for informed consent in professional relationships.
Mandatory ethics
32
Describes and conduct professional counselors seek, and it requires that counselors do more than simply meet the letter of the ethics code; entails an understanding of the spirit behind the code and the principles on which the code rests.
Aspirational ethics
33
View that some things are simply right or wrong; this position corresponds to common traditional views of morality, particularly of a religious kind which might be called the ‘Ten Commandments’ idea of morality.
Absolute view
34
They believe that all morals are dependent on context so, for example, they argue that there are situations where stealing is acceptable; the intrinsic ‘wrongness’ of an act may be overridden by other considerations
Relativists
35
Herlihy and Corey (2006) suggest that codes of ethics fulfill three objectives:
To educate professionals about sound ethical conduct. Provide a mechanism for professional accountability Serve as catalysts for improving practice
36
Reading and reflecting on the standards can help practitioners expand their awareness and clarify their values in dealing with the challenges of their work.
To educate professionals about sound ethical conduct.
37
Practitioners are obliged not only to monitor their own behavior, but also to encourage ethical conduct in their colleagues.
Provide a mechanism for professional accountability
38
When practitioners must interpret and apply the codes in their own practices, the questions raised help to clarify their positions on dilemmas that do not have simple or absolute answers.
Serve as catalysts for improving practice
39