Chapter 1 - Intro to the Human Body

Question 1

conformational homeostasis

Answer 1

varies based on environment; cold blooded organisms

Question 2

regulatory homeostasis

Answer 2

constant; warm blooded organisms

Question 3

homeostatic mechanisms rebalance

Answer 3

stimulus, receptor, input, control center, output, effector, response

Question 4

negative feedback

Answer 4

opposite of deviation

Question 5

what is an example of negative feedback?

Answer 5

glucose regulation
blood pressure

Question 6

positive feedback

Answer 6

same direction as deviation

Question 7

what is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 7

platelet & wound healing
contractions during labor

Question 8

order of the levels of organization (small to large)

Answer 8

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 9

what is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Answer 9

anatomy: structure
physiology: function

Question 10

true or false: organ systems work alone to maintain homeostasis

Answer 10

false: they work together to maintain homeostasis
ex. digestive system takes in food and breaks it down into nutrients, circulatory system transports nutrients throughout the body

Question 11

name the 11 organ systems

Answer 11

urinary system
reproductive system
digestive system
respiratory system
lymphatic system
endocrine system
circulatory/cardiovascular system
nervous system
muscular system
skeletal system
integumentary system

Question 12

what is anatomical position?

Answer 12

feet shoulder width apart, palms up, arms at side

Question 13

what are the two major divisions of the body?

Answer 13

axial and appendicular

Question 14

what is included in the axial division?

Answer 14

head, neck, and trunk

Question 15

what is include in the appendicular division?

Answer 15

arms and legs

Question 16

superior

Answer 16

above

Question 17

inferior

Answer 17

below

Question 18

ventral/anterior

Answer 18

front

Question 19

dorsal/posterior

Answer 19

back

Question 20

medial

Answer 20

towards midline

Question 21

lateral

Answer 21

away from midline

Question 22

distal

Answer 22

away from attachment point

Question 23

proximal

Answer 23

near attachment point

Question 24

superficial

Answer 24

toward body surface

Question 25

deep

Answer 25

away from body surface

Question 26

what does superior and inferior delineate the body into?

Answer 26

top and bottom

Question 27

what does ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) delineate the body into?

Answer 27

front and back

Question 28

what does medial, lateral, and intermediate delineate the body into?

Answer 28

compares distance from the midline

Question 29

intermediate

Answer 29

somewhere in between

Question 30

what does proximal and distal delineate the body into?

Answer 30

distance from the limb attachment to body or origin of the body part

Question 31

what does superficial (external) and deep (internal) delineate the body into?

Answer 31

toward/away from the body surface

Question 32

what does the midsagittal divide the body into?

Answer 32

left and right

Question 33

what does the frontal plane divide the body into?

Answer 33

anterior and posterior

Question 34

what does the transverse plane divide the body into?

Answer 34

superior and inferior

Question 35

true or false: images such as x-rays, ct’s, and mri’s are taken using one of the 3 body planes

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what is the function of the body cavities and membranes?

Answer 36

primarily protection while permitting changes in the size and shape of organs

Question 37

name the 7 body cavities

Answer 37

dorsal, ventral, cranial, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

Question 38

how many regions does the abdominal cavity have?

Answer 38

9

Question 39

what does cardi- mean?

Answer 39

heart

Question 40

what does hypo- mean?

Answer 40

below

Question 41

what does chondro- mean?

Answer 41

cartilage

Question 42

what does gastric- mean?

Answer 42

stomach

Question 43

what does hyper- mean?

Answer 43

above

Question 44

what are the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 44

right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower

Question 45

what are serous membranes?

Answer 45

continuous membrane that lines the inside of the body cavities and the outside of the internal organs

Question 46

what are serous membranes?

Answer 46

lubricating fluid that reduces friction and provides cushion to organs

Question 47

what does parietal serosa line in the body?

Answer 47

lines the inside of the body cavity wall

Question 48

what does visceral serosa line in the body?

Answer 48

lines the outside of organs

Question 49

what are some of the other smaller cavities that are exposed to the environment?

Answer 49

oral + digestive, nasal, orbital, middle ear

Question 50

what small cavities isn’t exposed to the environment?

Answer 50

synovial cavities (joint cavities)