chapter 1: introduction

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

Acquiring and processing information about the world to make behavioral decisions

Question 2

Which of these would NOT be considered part of cognition?
a. memory
b. language
c. digestion
d. perception

Answer 2

c. digestion

Question 3

What is the main distinction between basic research and applied research?

Answer 3

applied research has for goal to develop a solution to a problem

Question 4

Define what is known as “human factors”

Answer 4

design of system with which people interact, such as machines or computer consoles

Question 5

define artificial intelligence

Answer 5

branch of computer science and engineering that is concerned with building machines that can perform some of the tasks that humans can do, and perhaps some that we can’t as well

Question 6

true or false? building a machine that can do the kind of things that humans take for granted (recognizing objects, understanding language, making a plan) is extremely easy

Answer 6

false, very difficult

Question 7

define one of the main approach to studying cognition: neuroscience

Answer 7

study of the physical brain and related systems

Question 8

define one of the main approach to studying cognition: cognitive psychology

Answer 8

approach based on the ideas that we can measure objective behavior to test theories of the underlying mental processes

Question 9

define naturalistic observation

Answer 9

observation of behavior of people or other organisms in their natural habitat, without any experimental intervention

Question 10

what is one limitation of cognitive psychology

Answer 10

complexity of each individual subfield of cognitive psychology is such that they can become relative islands of research without making too much direct contact with the other fields

Question 11

define one of the main approach to studying cognition: computational modeling

Answer 11

simulating brain processes or functions using computer-based models

Question 12

an experimenter wants to understand how perception is linked to memory, what approach should they use to reach this understanding?
a. cognitive psychology
b. neuroscience
c. computer modelling
d. all of the above

Answer 12

d. all of the above

Question 13

which of the following does not describe cognition?
a. remembering learned information
b. orienting attention to a stimulus
c. reflexes
d. understanding speech

Answer 13

c. reflexes

Question 14

studying the brain and cognitions with the primary goal of developing theories without any regard to how his knowledge can be used to address a problem is known as

Answer 14

basic research

Question 15

you are interested in the link between laptop usage and class participation. you decide to count the number of times students participated in class and compare average participation rates between those who were using a laptop and those who were not. this is an example of..

Answer 15

naturalistic observation

Question 16

__ is the field of research that examines the brain and the physiological processes that underly mental processes

Answer 16

neuroscience

Question 17

there is a limit to how much information we can process. What are three reasons that would push us to reach our limit earlier when “zooming” than in real-world scenarios?

Answer 17

1. lack of information from body language, social cues, eye contact
2. higher demands on processing
3. lack of immersion makes it easier to be distracted

Question 18

define a phenomenon-based research

Answer 18

an “effect” is discovered by accident, and follow-up research examines why it occurs

Question 19

This picture is an example of what type of research? Testing the effects of nutritional interventions on cognition in un-housed communities

Answer 19

applied