Chapter 1 Introduction to A&P

Question 1

The study of the form or structure of the body.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

The study of the function of the body.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

What does form determine?

Answer 3

Form determines function

Question 4

Type of anatomy that needs a microscope to see these structures?

Answer 4

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 5

Study of individual cell.

Answer 5

Cytology

Question 6

Study of tissues.

Answer 6

Histology

Question 7

Simplest form of life.

Answer 7

Cell

Question 8

Type of anatomy that you can see structures with your eye.

Answer 8

Macroscopic Anatomy

Question 9

Another term for macroscopic anatomy

Answer 9

Gross Anatomy

Question 10

Groups of organs that form a system (heart, vessels)

Answer 10

Organ System

Question 11

What are the levels of organization by order?

Remember organization at each level determines the characteristics and functions of higher levels!

Answer 11

• Subatomic particles
• Atoms
• Chemical compounds
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Systems
• Body

Question 12

What are the 4 types of tissues?

Answer 12

• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscle tissue
• Neural tissue

Question 13

Where does life begin?

Answer 13

Cells

Question 14

Existence of a stable environment; a set desired range for body functions.

Answer 14

Homeostasis

Question 15

What happens in the body when a organ can not maintain homeostasis?

Answer 15

The organ will not survive

Question 16

A sensor that detects a change or stimulus.

Think thermometer

Answer 16

Receptor

Question 17

Receives and process the stimuli.

Think dial or thermostat

Answer 17

Control Center

Question 18

Cell or organ that responds to a stimuli.

Think furnace

Answer 18

Effector

Question 19

What are the two types of Regulartory Mechanisms?

Answer 19

• Negative Feedback

- Positive Feedback

Question 20

Regulatory Mechanism when a variation outside the desired Homeostatic range triggers a response to correct the situation. Results are always the opposite of what ever condition initiated the response. The provides stability or sets a limit to a process.

Example: When your blood pressure gets too high the heart will beat slower. This brings your blood pressure back to normal.

Example: When the temperature sends a signal to the thermostat which turns on the air conditioner.

Answer 20

Negative Feedback

——->

Question 21

Regulatory Mechanism when a stimuli produces a response that increases the beginning effect. Resules are always the same as whatever condition initiated the response this accelerates a process to completion.

Example: An increased temperature sends a signal to the thermostat which turns on the heater.

Answer 21

Positive Feedback

• —–>
• —–>

Question 22

What are 5 major needs of organisms?

Answer 22

• Energy
• Gases (Oxygen and Carbon dioxide)
• Water
• Salts, acids, bases
• Organic compounds

Question 23

System of the body that controls temperature, and prevents bacterial infections.

Answer 23

Integumentary

Question 24

Organ of the Integumentary system?

Answer 24

Skin

Question 25

System of the body that supports and makes blood?

Answer 25

Skeletal

Question 26

Organ of the skeletal system?

Answer 26

Bones

Question 27

System of the body that supports, allows movement, and produces heat?

Answer 27

Muscular

Question 28

Organ of the muscular system?

Answer 28

Muscles

Question 29

System of the body that directs stimuli and activities?

Answer 29

Nervous

Question 30

Organs of the nervous system?

Answer 30

Nerves and brain

Question 31

System of the body that regulates hormones

Answer 31

Endocrine

Question 32

Organ of the endocrine system?

Answer 32

Thyroid glan

Question 33

System of the body that transports nutrients and wastes?

Answer 33

Cardiovascular

Question 34

Organs of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 34

Heart and vessels

Question 35

System of the body that defends against infection and returns fluid to bloodstream.

Answer 35

Lymphatic

Question 36

Organs of the lymphatic system?

Answer 36

Lymph nodes, spleen

Question 37

System of the body that provides gas exchange?

Answer 37

Respiratory

Question 38

Organs of the respiratory system?

Answer 38

Lungs, nose

Question 39

System of the body that processes food and absorbs nutrients?

Answer 39

Digestive

Question 40

Organs of the digestive system?

Answer 40

Stomach and intestines

Question 41

Organ system that removes waste?

Answer 41

Urinary

Question 42

Organs of the urinary system?

Answer 42

Kidney and bladder

Question 43

System of the body that produces sex hormones?

Answer 43

Reproductive

Question 44

Organs of the reproductive system?

Answer 44

Genitalia

Question 45

What is the body system that the body can survive without?

Answer 45

Reproductive

Question 46

Body position Facing forward palms up

Answer 46

Anatomical position

Question 47

Position: Person lying on back, face up.

Answer 47

Supine

Question 48

Position: Person laying face down.

Answer 48

Prone

Question 49

Two terms for front

Answer 49

- Anterior | - Ventral

Question 50

Two terms for Back

Answer 50

- Posterior | - Dorsal

Question 51

Term for head (Skull)

Answer 51

Cranial

Question 52

Term for head (brain)

Answer 52

Cephalic

Question 53

Term for above.

Answer 53

Superior

Question 54

Term for the tail.

Answer 54

Caudal

Question 55

Term for below.

Answer 55

Inferior

Question 56

Term for middle. Towards belly button.

Answer 56

Medial

Question 57

Term for to your side, away from mid point.

Answer 57

Lateral

Question 58

Term for toward the trunk.

Answer 58

Proximal

Question 59

Term for away from the trunk.

Answer 59

Distal

Question 60

Term for close to surface of body.

Answer 60

Superficial

Question 61

Term for moving away from the surface.

Answer 61

Deep

Question 62

9 regions of the abdominopelvic area?

Answer 62

- Right hypochondriac. -Epigastric region. -Left hypochondriac. - Right lumbar region. -Umbilical region. -Left Lumbar region. - Right inguinal region. -Hypogastric region. -Left inguinal region.

Question 63

3 Sectional planes of the body.

Answer 63

- Transverse plane - Frontal plane - Sagittal plane

Question 64

Plane that divides the body horizontally such as the waist; upper body and lower body. This results in a cross section.

Answer 64

Transerse plane

Question 65

Plane that divides the body into front and back. Also called the coronal plane.

Answer 65

Frontal plane

Question 66

Plane that divides the body between the eyes.

Answer 66

Sagittal plane

Question 67

An internal chamber whose purpose is to protect an organ and it must allow for a change of size.

Answer 67

Body cavity

Question 68

Fluid filled space that protects the spinal cord and brain. Subdivided into "spinal cavity" and "cranial cavity."

Answer 68

Dorsal body cavity

Question 69

Body cavity that contains the brain.

Answer 69

Cranial cavity

Question 70

Body cavity that contains the spinal cord.

Answer 70

Spinal cavity

Question 71

Also called "coelom" subdived into the thoracic cavity and abdomino pelvic cavity.

Answer 71

Ventral Body cavity

Question 72

Contains pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity.

Answer 72

Thoracic cavity

Question 73

Cavity that contains lungs

Answer 73

Pleural cavities.

Question 74

Cavity that contains the heart

Answer 74

Pericardial cavity

Question 75

Cavity that contains the stomach other digestive organs and bladder.

Answer 75

Abdomino- pelvic cavity

Question 76

Contains the stomach.

Answer 76

Abdominal cavity

Question 77

Contains the bladder.

Answer 77

Pelvic cavity

Question 78

Area between 2 pleural cavities that surrounds the pericardial cavity.

Answer 78

Mediastinum.

Question 79

Membrane that lines the lung cavity.

Answer 79

Pleura

Question 80

Membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 80

Peritoneum.

Question 81

Membrane that lines the pericardial cavity.

Answer 81

Pericardium.

Question 82

Line the sealed internal divisions of the ventral body cavity.

Answer 82

Serous membrane