Chapter 1: Introduction to Biological Psychology Flashcards
This is defined as the branch of psychology that studies the biological foundations of behavior, emotions, and mental processes.
Biological psychology.
The term used to refer to the skull drilling procedure done in ancient times that was believed to cure people.
Trephining / Trepanation.
This represents the oldest known medical writing in history (5000 years old).
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus.
Greek scholars in the 4th Century B.C. proposed that the brain was the organ of _________.
Sensation.
He suggested that the brain was the source of intelligence, and also correctly identified epilepsy as originating in the brain.
Hippocrates.
He believed that the heart was the source of intellect.
Aristotle.
Often referred to as the father of anatomy, he believed that ventricles played important roles in the brain.
Herophilus.
A Greek physician serving the Roman Empire, he believed that the ventricles played an important role in transmitting messages to and from the brain.
Galen.
A philosophical perspective put forward by Rene Descartes in which the body is mechanistic, whereas the mind is separate and nonphysical.
Mind-body dualism.
A philosophical perspective characteristic of the neurosciences in which the mind is viewed as the product of the activity in the brain and nervous system.
Monism.
Microscopes.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
Observer of electricity.
Benjamin Franklin.
They established electricity as the mode of communication used by the nervous system.
Luigi Galvani & Emil du Bois-Reymond.
He continued to support the concept of the nervous system as vast, interconnected network of continuous fibers.
Camillo Golgi.
He argued that the nervous system was composed of an array of separate, independent cells.
Santiago Roman y Cajal.
The concept that the nervous system was composed of an array of separate, independent cells.
Neuron Doctrine.
They proposed and elaborated that certain body functions are controlled by certain areas of the brain.
Proposed: Franz Josef Gall
Elaborated: Johann Gasper Spurzheim
This refers to the notion that certain body functions are controlled by certain areas of the brain.
Localization of function.
The examination of body tissues following death.
Autopsy.
An imaging technology in which computers are used to enhance X-ray images.
Computerized topography (CT).
An imaging technique that provides information regarding the localization of brain activity.
Positron emission tomography (PET).
An imaging technique that provides very high resolution structural images.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
A technology using a series of MRI images taken 1 to 4 seconds apart in order to assess the activity of the brain.
functional MRI (fMRI).
A technology for studying the activity of the brain through recordings from electrodes placed on the scalp.
Electroencephalogram (EEG).
