Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence- Based Practice (EBP) Environment

Question 1

Research

Answer 1

Systematic inquiry using
disciplined methods to
solve problems or answer
questions

Question 2

Nursing Research

Answer 2

Systematic inquiry to
develop knowledge about
issues of importance to
the nursing profession

Question 3

Clinical Nursing Research

Answer 3

Designed to guide nursing
practice at the bedside

Question 4

Evidence-based Practice (EBP)

Answer 4

Problem-solving approach that integrates best research evidence, w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences,
and a specific clinical situation

Question 5

Florence Nightingale

Answer 5

Pioneer of statistics & founder of modern nursing

Question 6

Purpose of Quality Improvement (QI) Project

Answer 6

Effect immediate improvement in health care delivery

Question 7

Quality Improvement (QI)

Answer 7

Designed to sustain an improvement

Question 8

Key Differences between Research, EBP, & QI

Answer 8

Research: Generate NEW knowledge or validate existing knowledges based on a theory

EBP: Translating the evidence & applying it to critical decision-making

QI: Focuses on improving processes or
patient outcomes. Evolves from
organizational philosophies and
quality improvement. Does NOT
require extensive literature reviews
and rigorous critical appraisal

Question 9

Research Consumer

Answer 9

Nurses who can read and evaluate research reports

Question 10

Members of a Research Team

Answer 10

Nurses who participate in design & production of study

Question 11

Roles of Nurses in Research & EBP

Answer 11

Contribute an idea for a study
Gather information from those taking part in a study
Advise clients about participating in a study
Search for research evidence to address a practice problem.
Discuss the implications of a study in a journal club in a practice setting; meet to discuss
research articles.
Every nurse expected to adhere to guidelines for
scientific integrity

Question 12

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)

Answer 12

Conducts program of grants & awards supporting nursing research & training

Promotes health

Furthers prevention & mitigation of the effects of disease

Question 13

Scientific Method

Answer 13

Process in which observable, verifiable data are systematically collected from
surroundings using our senses to
describe, explain, or predict events

Question 14

Characteristics Unique to Scientific Method

Answer 14

Objectivity & Use of empirical data

Question 15

Paradigm

Answer 15

World view or general perspective of
the world’s complexities

Question 16

Positivist Paradigm

Answer 16

Reality exists

There is a real world driven by natural causes

Value & biases are held in check

Researcher is independent from those researched

Question 17

Constructivist Paradigm

Answer 17

Reality is multiple and subjective

Subjectivity and values are inevitable
and desirable

Researcher interacts with those being
researched

Question 18

Which type of research is often allied with the positivist tradition?

Answer 18

Quantitative research

Question 19

Which type of research is often allied with the constructivist paradigm?

Answer 19

Quantitative research

Question 20

Quantitative Research

Answer 20

Sometimes known as scientific inquiry

Requires larger sample size

Gather empirical evidence

Information is numeric

Well-developed and widely used in
nursing research

Emphasizes measurement, testing
hypotheses, and analyzing data

Uses traditional approaches, such as
experiments, questionnaires, and
surveys to gain new knowledge

Question 21

Qualitative Research

Answer 21

Used in research of subjective
experiences

Emphasize verbal descriptions
and meaning of the lived
experience for the individual

Flexible; typically undertaken in
naturalistic settings

Uses participant observation, in-
depth interviews, case studies,
and ethnographies to gain new
knowledge

Question 22

Mixed-Method Research

Answer 22

Uses both quantitative & qualitative research

Question 23

Quantitative or Qualitative: Demographic factors that contribute to risk-taking behaviors in low-income adolescents

Answer 23

Quantitative

Question 24

Quantitative or Qualitative: What is it like for women to experience physical abuse?

Answer 24

Qualitative

Question 25

Stetler Model of Research Model

Answer 25

Utilization to promote evidence-based practice

Question 26

John Hopkins EBP Research Model

Answer 26

Used to ensure that the latest research findings/best practices are quickly and appropriately incorporated into patient care

Question 27

Iowa Model of EBP

Answer 27

Uses evidence-based practice to promote quality care

Question 28

Knowledge-focused Triggers

Answer 28

Begins w/ an innovation or research finding (might emerge from a journal)

Question 29

Problem-focused Triggers

Answer 29

Begins w/ perplexing or troubling clinical situation

Question 30

Major Steps in EBP

Answer 30

1) Ask questions that reflect uncertainties in clinical practice 2) Search for and assemble evidence 3) Appraise & synthesize evidence 4) Integrate evidence w/other sources 5) Assess effectiveness of decision or evidence

Question 31

PICOT Question

Answer 31

Population : Patient population or condition Intervention (influence, exposure, issue) Comparison (not always specified) Outcome: desired outcomes Time: time frame, type of study (not always specified)

Question 32

Research Classification for Varying Levels of Explanation for Research & EBP-Related Purposes

Answer 32

Identification: What is this phenomenon? What is its name? (Qual) Description: How prevalent is this phenomenon? (Quan) What are the dimensions or characteristics of the phenomenon? (Qual) Exploration: What factors are related to the phenomenon? (Quan) What is the full nature of the phenomenon? (Qual) Prediction/control: If phenomenon X occurs, will phenomenon Y follow? Can the phenomenon be prevented? (Quan) Explanation: What is the underlying cause of the phenomenon? (Quan) What does the phenomenon mean? (Qual)

Question 33

Questions for a Preliminary Overview of a Research Report

Answer 33

1) How relevant is the research problem to the practice of nursing? 2) Was the study quantitative or qualitative? 3) What was the underlying purpose (or purposes) of the study: Therapy/intervention, Diagnosis/Assessment, Prognosis, Etiology/harm, Description, or Meaning? 4) What might be some clinical implications of this research? To what type of people and settings is this research more relevant? If the findings were accurate, how might/ use the results of this study?