Chapter 12 Understanding Mixed Methods Research, Quality Improvement, and Other Special Types of Research Flashcards
(37 cards)
Mixed Methods Research
Research that integrates quantitative and qualitative
data and strategies in a single study or coordinated
clusters of studies
Advantages of Mixed Methods Research
Complementarity
Practicality
Enhanced validity
Purposes and Applications of Mixed Methods Research
Instrument development
Intervention development
Hypothesis generation and testing
Explication
Concurrent Approach
Qualitative and quantitative data are collected at the same time
Sequential Approach
Qualitative and quantitative data are collected in phases
Convergent Parallel Design
Obtain different, but complementary, data about the central phenomenon under study—i.e., to triangulate data sources
Explanatory Design
Sequential designs w/ quantitative data collected in the 1st phase, followed by qualitative data collected in the 2nd phase
Exploratory Design
Sequential MM designs, with qualitative data being collected first
Quality Improvement (QI)
Involves assessments of a problem in patient care
with the aim of improving clinical care and patient
outcomes within a healthcare organization to
develop improvement science
QI Interventions
Quality Improvement Interventions include:
- Provider education (teaching healthcare teams how
best to manage situations)
- Provider reminders (providing decision support materials to prompt healthcare professionals to undertake some action) - Patient education (increasing patient’s understanding of a prevention or treatment strategy) - Patient reminders (reminding patients to keep appointments or adhere to regimens) - Structural changes (creating care coordination or case management systems)
Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
” 5 Whys”
Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Approach
Plan: Develop strategies or interventions
Do: implement interventions and collect data
Study/Check: run analysis on collected data
Act: dissemination of outcome results as appropriate for practice changes
Which type of research involves an intervention?
A) Survey research
B) Clinical trials
C) Secondary analyses
D) Methodological research
B) Clinical Trials
Rationale: Studies that involve an intervention include
clinical trials, evaluation research, and nursing
intervention research. Outcomes research, surveys,
secondary analyses, and methodological research do
not involve an intervention.
Clinical Trials
Studies that develop clinical interventions and test
their efficacy and effectiveness
Undertaken to evaluate an innovative therapy or
drug are often designed in a series of phases
Phase I of Full Clinical Trial
Designed to establish safety, tolerance, and dose
Phase II of Full Clinical Trial
Seeks preliminary evidence of effectiveness—a pilot test often using a quasi-experimental design
Phase III of Full Clinical Trial
Fully tests the efficacy of the treatment via a randomized clinical trial (RCT), often in multiple sites
- Sometimes called an efficacy study
Phase IV of Full Clinical Trial
Focuses on external validity (effectiveness) of an intervention in the general population
- Emphasis on generalizability
Practical/Pragmatic Clinical Trials
Help in making decisions in real-world application
Pragmatism
A paradigm often associated w/ MM research, which provides a basis for a position that has been stated as the “dictatorship of the research question”
Evaluation Research
Examines how well a specific program, practice,
procedure, or policy is working
Process Analysis
Often undertaken to obtain descriptive
information about the process by which a
program gets implemented and how it actually
functions
Economic Analysis
Assess whether program benefits outweigh its monetary costs
During which phase of a full clinical trial would an
efficacy study be done?
A) Phase I
B) Phase II
C) Phase III
D) Phase IV
C) Phase III
Rationale: Phase III fully tests the efficacy of the treatment via a randomized clinical trial (RCT), often
in multiple sites; this phase is sometimes called an
efficacy study.
Phase I finalizes the intervention; phase II seeks preliminary evidence of effectiveness, usually via a pilot test; and phase IV focuses on long-term consequences of the intervention and on generalizability (sometimes called an effectiveness
study).