Chapter 1 - Mental Health Flashcards
(24 cards)
Define Mental Health
According to WHO:
Able to recognize own potential
Cope with normal stress
Work productively
Make contributions to community
Traits of Mental Health
Capacity for…
Rational thinking
Communication skills
Learning
Emotional growth
Resilience
Self-esteem
Define Mental Illness
Psychiatric disorders with definable diagnoses
Significant dysfunction in mental functioning related to
Developmental
Biological
Physiological disturbances
Culturally defined
***Society’s definition of mental illness evolves over time. It is a definition shaped by the prevailing culture and societal values, and it reflects changes in cultural norms, social expectations, political climates, and even reimbursement criteria by third-party payers.
Mental Health versus Mental Illness
A real middle ground exists: Stress and discomfort from everyday life
Conceptualized as points along a mental health continuum
**Experiences that affect self actualization
Resilience
Ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being
Essential to recovery
What is Resilience characterized by?
Characterized by
Ability to secure needed resources
Capacity for regulating one’s own emotions and overcoming negative, self-defeating thoughts
Origins of mental illness include:
First thought to be possessions by demons,
then “germ theory” (caused by “catching” a specific agent in the environment),
then theories evolved, medication development…
eventually the diathesis-stress model.
diathesis-stress model
in which diathesis represents biological predisposition and stress represents environmental stress or trauma—is the most accepted explanation for mental illness. This nature-plus-nurture argument asserts that most psychiatric disorders result from a combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors
Assertion
Most psychiatric disorders result from a combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors
What year was The Mental Health Parity Act passed?
1996
The Mental Health Parity Act
This legislation required insurers that provide mental health coverage to offer annual and lifetime benefits at the same level provided for medical/surgical coverage.
Updated in 2008 to include Addiction… included as part of the ACA
The Wellstone-Domenici Parity Act
was enacted in 2008 for group health plans with more than 50 employees. The law required that any plan providing mental health coverage must do so in a manner that is functionally equivalent or on par with coverage of other health conditions.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Coverage for most uninsured Americans through expanded Medicaid eligibility (for very poor)
Created health insurance exchanges to offer more choices
“Insurance mandate” for coverage
Epidemiology
is the quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations.
Incidence
the number of new cases of MH disorders in a healthy population within a given period of time
Prevalence
total number of cases, new and existing, in a given population during a given period of time
Lifetime risk
risk that one will develop a disease in the course of a lifetime
Incidence vs. Prevalence
A disease with a short duration, such as the common cold, tends to have a high incidence (many new cases in a given year), and a low prevalence (not many people suffering from a cold at any given time). Conversely, a chronic disease such as diabetes will have a low incidence because the person will be dropped from the list of new cases after the first year (or whatever time increment is being used).
Clinical epidemiology
a broad field that examines health and illness at the population level. Studies use traditional epidemiological methods and are conducted in groups usually defined by the illness or symptoms or by the diagnostic procedures or treatments given for the illness or symp
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM5)
Official medical guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing psychiatric disorders
Based on specific criteria influenced by multiprofessional clinical field trials
is the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders.
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Promoting mental health through assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral and mental disorders
Use nursing, psychosocial, neurobiological theories and research
Work with people throughout the life span
Employed in a variety of settings and among varied populations
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Education Levels: Basic
Psychiatric mental health registered nurse (PMH-RN)
2 years full-time work, 2000 clinical hours, 30 hours continuing education, followed by certification exam to add “BC” to the RN title (RN-BC)
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Education Levels: Advanced
Psychiatric-mental health advanced practice registered nurse (PMH-APRN)
Master of Science (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
One of Mrs. M’s complaints is about insurance. Which of the following does the Mental Health Parity Act provide?
A. Coverage for most uninsured Americans through expanded Medicaid eligibility
B. Health insurance exchanges
C. “Insurance mandate” for coverage
D. Equal coverage for mental health disorders
ANS: D
This legislation required insurers that provide mental health coverage to offer annual and lifetime benefits at the same level provided for medical/surgical coverage.
