Chapter 1 (Orientation) Flashcards
(83 cards)
Name all 11 organ systems
endocrine
nervous
digestive
respiratory
reproductive
integumentary
urinary
cardiovascular
lymphatic
skeletal
muscular
What are the three organ systems involved in Exchange & Elimination?
Respiratory system
Urinary system
Digestive system
These systems are responsible for the exchange of gases, removal of waste, and processing of nutrients.
What are the two organ systems related to Circulation (internal environment)?
- Cardiovascular system
- Lymphatic system
These systems help maintain the internal environment of the body by circulating blood and lymph.
What are the two organ systems that provide Support & Movement?
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system
These systems work together to provide structure and facilitate movement.
How many skeletal muscles are typically associated with each bone?
Approximately 3 skeletal muscles per bone (= more bones than muscles)
This indicates that there is generally more muscle than bone in the human body.
Which organ systems are responsible for controlling homeostasis?
Nervous system
endocrine system
The nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining the body’s internal balance.
What does the Integumentary system include?
- Skin
- Hair
The integumentary system acts as a barrier protecting the body and regulating temperature.
What are examples of exocrine glands in the Reproductive system?
- Prostate
- Sweating
- Breast milking
Exocrine glands secrete substances outside the body or into a cavity.
What are the terms used to describe the position of body parts in relation to each other?
• Superior
• Inferior
• Medial
• Lateral
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Proximal
• Distal
These terms help in describing the location of structures in the body.
What does ‘superior’ mean in anatomical terms?
Closer to the head
It indicates a position above another part.
What does ‘inferior’ mean in anatomical terms?
Closer to the feet
It indicates a position below another part.
What does ‘medial’ refer to?
Closer to the mid-line of the body
It is used to describe the location of structures relative to the midline.
What does ‘intermediate’ refer to?
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
What does ‘lateral’ refer to?
Farther from the mid-line of the body
It indicates a position towards the sides of the body.
What is the difference between ‘anterior’ and ‘posterior’?
- Anterior: front of the body
- Posterior: back of the body
Anterior is also referred to as ventral, while posterior can also be referred to as dorsal.
Define ‘proximal’ in relation to limbs.
Closer to the torso attachment
This term is used exclusively for limbs.
Define ‘distal’ in relation to limbs.
Farther from the torso attachment
This term is also exclusive to limbs.
What are the two main body cavities?
• Ventral cavity
• Dorsal cavity
These cavities hold different organs and systems in the body.
What is the largest body cavity?
Ventral cavity
It houses most of the organs in the torso.
What is contained within the dorsal cavity?
Central nervous system
This includes the brain and spinal cord.
What are the subdivisions of the ventral cavity?
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity
These subdivisions further support the organization of organs.
What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing.
What is the only thoracic cavity organ involved in the digestive system?
Esophagus
It connects the throat to the stomach and is located in the thoracic cavity.
True or False: The abdominal cavity is inferior to the pelvic cavity.
False
The abdominal cavity is actually superior to the pelvic cavity.
