Chapter 1: Orientation to the Human Body Flashcards
(26 cards)
Integumentary System
Consists of skin, hair, and nails. Its key functions are: protection, temperature regulation, water retention, and sensation.
Skeletal System
Consists of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. Its key functions are: protection of body organs, support, movement, and blood formation.
Muscular System
Consists primarily of skeletal muscles. Its key functions are: movement, posture, and heat production.
Lymphatic System
Consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, spleen, and tonsils. Its key functions are: role in fluid balance, production of immune cells, defense against disease.
Respiratory System
Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Its key functions are: absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon monoxide, acid-base balance, and speech.
Urinary System
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Its key functions are: excretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume and pressure, control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
Nervous System
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. Its key functions are: control, regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, and memory.
Endocrine System
Consists of the pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids, and other organs. Its key functions are: hormone production, control and regulation of other systems.
Circulatory System
Consists of the heart, arteries, and capillaries. Its key functions are: distribution of oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells, and antibodies.
Digestive System
Consists of stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, and pancreas. Its key functions are: breakdown and absorption of nutrients, elimination of wastes
Male Reproductive System
Consists of the testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis. Its key functions are: production and delivery of sperm, secretion of sex hormones.
Female Reproductive System
Consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts. Its key functions are: production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development, birth, lactation, secretion of sex hormones.
Medial
toward the body’s midline
Lateral
away from the body’s midline
Proximal
closest to the point of origin
Distal
farthest from the point of origin
Superior
Above
Anterior
Toward the front of the body
Deep
away from the body’s surface
Inferior
below
Superficial
at or near the body’s surface
What plane divides the body into left and right portions?
Sagittal plane
What plane divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts?
Transverse plane
What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?
Frontal plane
