Chapter 11: Sense Organs

Question 1

Sensory receptors transmit information about?

Answer 1

Type, location, and intensity

Question 2

Receptive field

Answer 2

a certain area a sensory neuron responds to stimuli

Question 3

Chemoreceptors

Answer 3

receptors that react to various chemicals, including odors and tastes, as well as the concentration of various chemicals in the body

Question 4

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 4

Receptors that respond to factors such as pressure, stretch, or vibration

Question 5

Thermoreceptors

Answer 5

Receptors activated by a change in temperature

Question 6

Nociceptors

Answer 6

Pain receptors that respond to tissue damage from trauma as well as from heat, chemicals, pressure, or a lack of oxygen.

Question 7

Photoreceptors

Answer 7

Receptors that respond to light (found only in the eyes)

Question 8

Adaptation

Answer 8

When a stimulus is continuous, the firing frequency of the nerve begins to slow, causing the sensation to diminish

Question 9

Proprioceptor

Answer 9

Specialized receptor found in skeletal muscle, joints, and tendons, proprioceptors provide info about body movement, muscle stretch, and the general orientation of the body

Question 10

Fast Pain Fibers

Answer 10

Abundant in the skin and mucous membranes, these fibers produce a sharp, localized, stabbing-type pain at the time of injury

Question 11

Slow Pain Fibers

Answer 11

These fibers are congregated on deep body organs and structures and produce a dull, aching pain

Question 12

What do the general senses include?

Answer 12

Pain, pressure, touch, stretch, and temperature

Question 13

Referred Pain

Answer 13

Pain originating in a deep organ that may be sensed as if its originating from the body’s surface - sometimes at a totally different part of the body

Question 14

Analgesics

Answer 14

Drugs used to relieve pain

Question 15

Gustation

Answer 15

The sense of taste

Question 16

Papillae

Answer 16

Protrusions on the tongue, where most taste buds are located.

Question 17

Vallate papillae

Answer 17

Large papillae found at the rear of the tongue; contain up to half of all taste buds

Question 18

Foliate papillae

Answer 18

form ridges at the sides of the tongue

Question 19

Filiform papillae

Answer 19

Thread-like papillae that contain no taste buds; play a role in helping distinguish the texture of food

Question 20

Gustatory/taste cells

Answer 20

chemoreceptors in taste buds

Question 21

What are the primary tastes?

Answer 21

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Question 22

Olfaction

Answer 22

The sense of smell

Question 23

Auricle(pinna)

Answer 23

The visible part of the ear, part of the ear that funnels sound into the auditory canal

Question 24

Auditory Canal

Answer 24

leads through the temporal bone to the eardrum

Question 25

Auditory ossicles

Answer 25

The 3 smallest bones in the body that connect the eardrum to the inner ear: Malleus(hammer), Incus(anvil), Stapes(stirrup)

Question 26

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 26

Separates the outer ear from the middle ear; it vibrates freely in response to sound waves

Question 27

Auditory/Eustachian Tube

Answer 27

Passageway from the middle ear to the nasopharnyx, its purpose is to equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.

Question 28

Otitis Media

Answer 28

Middle ear infections(occur commonly in children)

Question 29

Semicircular canals

Answer 29

Structures that are crucial for the maintenance of equilibrium and balance

Question 30

Vestibule

Answer 30

Structure that marks the entrance to the labyrinths, contains organs necessary for the sense of balance

Question 31

Cochlea

Answer 31

Snail-like structure contains the structures for hearing

Question 32

Cochlear duct

Answer 32

The middle compartment of the spirals of the cochlea, filled with endolymph

Question 33

organ of Corti

Answer 33

The hearing sense organ

Question 34

Tectorial membrane

Answer 34

Gelatin-like membrane of the organ of Corti

Question 35

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 35

Anything that interferes with the transmission of vibrations to the inner ear will result in a hearing loss

Question 36

Sensoineural hearing loss

Answer 36

This type of hearing often results from the death of hair cells in the organ of Corti, usually a result of frequent exposure to sustained loud noise

Question 37

What structures play a key role in balance?

Answer 37

The vestibule and semicircular canals of the inner ear

Question 38

Ampulla

Answer 38

A bulb-like mound of hair cells topped by a gelatinous cone-shaped called the cupula at the end of each canal