Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and occupies space.

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

a pure substance: cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more substances.

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

A chemical combination of two or more elements.

Question 4

How many elements are found in the body?

Answer 4

24

Question 5

What are the major elements in the body?

Answer 5

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus

Question 6

What are the lesser elements of the body?

Answer 6

Sulfur, Potassium, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron

Question 7

What are the trace elements found in the body?

Answer 7

Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Fluorine, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Silicon, Tin, Vanadium, Zinc

Question 8

Elements consist of what?

Answer 8

Atoms

Question 9

What determines an elements atomic number?

Answer 9

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 10

What determines an elements atomic weight?

Answer 10

The number of protons and neutrons added together.

Question 11

What are electrons?

Answer 11

tiny particles with a negative charge

Question 12

Where do you find electrons?

Answer 12

Whirling around the nucleus on energy shells/rings

Question 13

What are the maximum amount of electrons an energy ring can hold?

Answer 13

the energy ring closest to the nucleus can hold 2 electrons while the outer rings can hold 8 electrons.

Question 14

Isotope

Answer 14

An atom containing a different amount of neutrons than protons.

Question 15

Molecule

Answer 15

a particle composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond.

Question 16

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 16

ionic bonds are formed when one atom transfers an electron from its outer shell to another atom.

Question 17

Cation

Answer 17

Atoms with a positive charge

Question 18

Anion

Answer 18

Atoms with a negative charge

Question 19

Ionization

Answer 19

when dissolved in water, ionic bonds tend to break, or dissociate, creating a solution of positively and negatively charged ions that’s capable of conducting electricity.

Question 20

Electrolytes

Answer 20

compounds that ionize in water and create a solution capable of conducting electricity.

Question 21

Electrolytes are crucial for what?

Answer 21

the heart, nerve, and muscle function; the distribution of water in the body; and the occurrence of chemical reactions.

Question 22

Ions

Answer 22

electrically charged atoms

Question 23

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 23

covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to try to fill their outer energy shells.

Question 24

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 24

a hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another.

Question 25

Energy

Answer 25

the ability to do work

Question 26

Potential energy

Answer 26

the potential to do work

Question 27

Kinetic energy

Answer 27

energy in motion

Question 28

Metabolism

Answer 28

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 29

What are the two types of metabolic activity?

Answer 29

Catabolism and Anabolism

Question 30

Catabolism

Answer 30

involves breaking down complex compounds into simpler ones, releases energy

Question 31

Anabolism

Answer 31

Involves building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits, requires energy input

Question 32

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 32

the formation or breaking of chemical bonds

Question 33

Synthesis reaction

Answer 33

two or more substances combine to form a different more complex substance (A+B---> AB) energy is required

Question 34

Decomposition reaction

Answer 34

A complex substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances, energy is released (AB--> A+B)

Question 35

Exchange reaction

Answer 35

two molecules exchange atoms or groups of atoms, which form two new compounds (AB+CD---> AC+BD)

Question 36

What are the inorganic molecules essential to human life?

Answer 36

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids, and bases

Question 37

Mixture

Answer 37

results when two or more substances blend together rather than chemically combine. each substance retains its own chemical properties, and can e separated.

Question 38

What are the types of mixtures?

Answer 38

solution, colloid, and suspension

Question 39

Solution

Answer 39

consists of particles of matter called the solute, dissolved in a more abundant substance called the solvent. can be a gas, solid, or liquid at room temperature. Solvent must be clear, particles cannot separate out of the solvent when the solution is allowed to stand.

Question 40

Colloid

Answer 40

Can change from liquid to gel | particles small enough to stay mixed (large enough to make mixture cloudy)

Question 41

Suspension

Answer 41

Contains large particles, making it cloudy or opaque | if allowed to stand the particles will separate and settle at the bottom or the container

Question 42

What is an Acid?

Answer 42

any substance that releases H+ when dissolved in water (also called proton donors)

Question 43

What is a Base?

Answer 43

alkaline compounds also called proton acceptors