Chapter 1- Origins Of Psychology Flashcards
(43 cards)
Psychology
A scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
Behaviour- overt actions and reactions
Mental Processes- internal, covert activity of the mind
4 Goals of Psych
Describe- what
Explain- why
Predict-when
Change
Structuralism
Sought to identify the structures or basic building blocks of mental life via introspection and to determine how these elements combine to form experiences
Functionalism
Studies how the mind functions to enable humans and other animals to adapt to their environment
The Psychoanalytic School
Believed that the unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are hidden but still influence current behaviour
7 Major Perspectives of Psych
Psychodynamic Behavioural Humanistic Cognitive Biological Evolutionary Sociocultural
Psychodynamic Perspective
Unconscious drives, motives, conflicts, and childhood experiences
Behavioural Perspective
Objective, observable, environmental influences on overt behaviour
Stimulus- response relationships and consequences for behaviour
Humanistic Perspective
Free will, self actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth-seeking
Cognitive Perspective
Thinking, perceiving, problem solving, memory, language, and information processing
Biological Perspective
Genetic and Biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system
Evolutionary Perception
Natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behaviour and mental processes
Sociocultural
Social interaction and the cultural determinants of behaviour and mental processes
Biopsychosocial Model
The unifying and integrative model views biological processes, psychological factors, and social forces as interrelated influence that interact with the seven major perspectives
Basic Research
Research conducted to advance scientific knowledge rather than for practical application
Describes, explains, and predicts
Applied Research
Research designed to solve practical problems
Change
Hypothesis
Specific, testable prediction about how one factor, or variable, is related to another
Operational Definition
Precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured
Statistical Significance
Statistical statement of how likely it is that a study’s result occurred merely by chance
Respecting the Rights of Human Participant
Informed consent, voluntary participation, restricted use of deception and debriefing, confidentiality
Respecting the Rights on nonhuman animal participants
Medical research, psychological research, gains for animals, controversy
Respecting the rights of psychotherapy clients
Confidentially must be kept unless safety is an issue
4 Goals of Psych
Describe- what
Explain- why
Predict-when
Change
Structuralism
Sought to identify the structures or basic building blocks of mental life via introspection and to determine how these elements combine to form experiences
