Chapter 1- Pathophysiology for the Health Professions Flashcards
(69 cards)
Pathophysiology
Studies some aspects of pathology, the cell and tissue changes associated with disease. Focuses on the loss or change in normal structure and function
Disease
Deviation from normal structure or function of any part, organ, system, or from a state of wellness
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes
Seven steps to health
- Non-smoker; avoid 2nd hand smoke
- Eat 5-10 servings of vegetables and fruits per day, eat foods that are high in fiber and low in fat, and if you drink alcohol, limit consumption to about 1-2 glasses per day
- Physically active on a regular basis; maintain a healthy body weight
- Sun protection
- Cancer screening guidelines
- Visit doctor and dentist regularly and for changes
- Use health and safety instructions regarding using, storing, and disposing of hazardous materials
- Normal values; aren’t absolute; may adjust for age, gender, genetics, environment, and activity level
CDC
Collects data on all types of disease and gives evidence-based recommendations for prevention
Primary prevention
The goal is to protect healthy people from developing disease or experiencing injury initially. Includes regular exercise, seat belts, immunizations, drug/tobacco/alcohol educations, regular exams and screening tests for risk factors
Secondary prevention
Occur after illness or serious risk factors are present. Goal is to stop or slow progress of disease in early stages. Includes taking daily ASA to prevent second heart attack, regular exams and screening for known risk factors, and modified work for injured workers
Tertiary prevention
Helping those manage complicated, long-term health problems; diabetes, heart disease, CA, chronic musculoskeletal disease. Includes cardiac and stroke rehab, chronic pain management programs, and patient support groups
Medical history components
Prior illness, allergies, hospitalizations, treatment, therapy, supplements, medications, herbs
Medical history influencing factors
Age, ethnicity, culture, presence of chronic disease, community, environment, family, significant other (support)
Diagnosis
Signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, radiology
Etiology
Causative factors. Congenital, inherited, genetic, viruses, bacteria, immune, metabolic, degenerative, changes, malignancy, burns and other trauma, environmental, and nutritional deficiencies
Idiopathic
Cause of disease is unknown
Iatrogenic
Treatment, procedure, or an error may have caused the disease
Predisposing factors
Tendencies that promote the deviation of the disease; age, gender, inherited factors, occupational exposure, certain dietary practices
Prophylaxis
Preserve health and prevent the spread of disease
Prevention
Linked to etiology and predisposing factors; vaccinations, dietary and lifestyle modifications, removal or harmful materials in environment, stop harmful activities
Pathogenesis
Development of the disease, sequence of events involved in tissue changes
Onset
May be sudden or insidious (gradual progression with mild or vague signs)
Acute disease
Short term illness that develops quickly
Chronic disease
Milder condition develops gradually
Subclinical state
Pathologic changes occur but there aren’t any symptoms yet
Latent “silent stage”
No clinical signs yet. Called incubation period
Prodromal period
Person becomes aware of changes in the body but signs are non-specific; fatigue, loss of appetite, headache. Lab tests are negative
