Chapter 1 Problem solving in Psychology

Question 1

Polyas Four step Method

Answer 1

• Understanding the problem
• Devise a plan
• Carry out the plan
• Look back

General way to solve any type of problem.

Deductive

Question 2

Inductive / Deductive

Answer 2

Inductive: deriving a general rule/theory from the study of a specific problem

Deductive: deriving a specific solution to a problem by applying a general rule/method

Question 3

Newell and Simon

Answer 3

• A general scheme of problem
• Synthesis
• Evaluation

Similar to polyas approach, also deductive

Question 4

Problem solving in Instructional Design

Answer 4

Educational Problem solving

Main activites: analysis, synthesis, evaluation

Continous monitoring of implementation and evalutaion

target group should always be involved

Question 5

Problem solving in Techincal Design

Answer 5

• Problem definition and analysis
• Development
• construction
• evaluation and reviion
• implementation

Question 6

Psychological Design

Answer 6

the discipline that encompasses knowledge and skills to develop interventions and to use those.

Question 7

ASCE

Answer 7

Analysis: analysis and definition of the Problem

Synthesis: determining behavioural deteminants and interventions

Construction: construct a concrete program

Evaluation: evaluate impact of the program

Question 8

Inductive / Deductive use of the ASCE

Answer 8

Inductive: Implementation and evaluation are relevant, begins from specific case or program

Deductive: analysis and synthesis are relevant, begins from a general perspective

Question 9

Three I’s

Answer 9

Initiation: beeing aware that something is wrong

Implementation: deployment and use of the intervention

Institutionalization: making sure not to go back to old habits