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Science Y9 > Chapter 1 Science > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Science Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Photo in photosynthesis mean

A

Light

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2
Q

What does Synthesis in photosynthesis mean

A

making

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3
Q

What does photosynthesis mean

A

‘making with light’

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4
Q

In photosynthesis, plants use:

A

-water,get from soil
-carbon dioxide, get from air
energy, get from sunlight

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5
Q

What is the energy in the sunlight captured by

A

green pigment called chlorophyll

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6
Q

where can you find chlorophyll

A

inside some of the cells in the leaves of the plants

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7
Q

what is Energy in plants used for

A

to make water and carbon dioxide combine together in a chemical reaction

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8
Q

Write the word equation for photosynthesis

A

water+carbon dioxide—> glucose+oxygen

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9
Q

Why is photosynthesis important?

A

1.photosynthesis provides energy in form of chemical energy in nutrients
plants use the energy in sunlight to make glucose and other carbohydrate.

2.provides oxygen for Earth’s atmosphere

  1. energy in food chains are captured by plants
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10
Q

where is chlorophyll kept

A

Inside chloroplasts, inside plant cells

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11
Q

what are carbohydrates stored as in plants

A

They are stored as starch

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12
Q

where are starch stored

A

Inside the chloroplast of plant cells.

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13
Q

where does photosynthesis happen

A

inside a chloroplast

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14
Q

What are stomata

A

Tiny holes in the leaf which allow gases to diffuse in and out

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15
Q

list down the structure of the leave

A

1.Waxy layer
2.upper epidermis
3.Palisade layer
4. Vein
5.Spongy layer
6.Lower epidermis
7. Stoma

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16
Q

what is the function of a waxy layer

A

on the leaf surface that stops the leaf from drying out

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17
Q

Whata re the functions of upper epidermis

A

protects the cells inside the leaf

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18
Q

what is the function of the palisade layer

A

contain cells that do most of the photosynthesis

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19
Q

what if the function of the vein

A

carries water to the cells in the leaf

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20
Q

What is the function of spongy layer

A

has lots of air spaces. The cells in the spongy layer do a small amount of photosynthesis

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21
Q

what is the function of the lower epidermis

A

protects the cells inside the leave

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22
Q

what are the functions of a stoma

A

tiny hole in the lower epidermis that lets carbon dioxide from the air to get into the leaf

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23
Q

What are yield

A

Yield is the quantity of crop that the farmer harvests

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24
Q

Why do farmer add fertilisers to their fields

A

to make crops grow and produce higher yield

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25
What do fertilisers contain?
Mineral
26
what happens if the soil of the plant does not contain enough materials
They cannot grow to their full potential
27
What are two important minerals for plants
magnesium and nitrate
28
what is magnesium needed for in plants
to produce green pigment,chlorophyll.
29
What happens if a plant lacks magnesium
The leaves will look yellow instead of green,it cannot grow well because it does not have much chloroplast to absorb the energy from sunlight and photosynthesise as much as it should
30
What are Nitrate needed for in plants
to convert carbohydrates to proteins
31
what happens if a plant lacks nitrogen
leaves die and the plant stay small
32
How can farmers find out exactly which mineral are lacking in each parts of the field
Farmer can test the soil in their fields, this tells the farmer when to add fertiliser and where it is not needed
33
is carbon a metal or non metal?
non-metal
34
What are diamonds made of?
Diamonds are made of carbon
35
The lead in the pencil is not lead at all, it is another form of element carbon called what?
graphite
36
What do living organisms need?
carbon
37
What are compounds that contain carbon?
Protein, fats and carbohydrates
38
What are used for plants to make proteins and fats?
carbohydrates
39
how do we get carbon
When we consume plants or other animals and we get the carbon-containing nutrients
40
How do decomposers get carbon?
Decomposers get their carbon when they break down waste products from plants and animals
41
What is the respiration equation
glucose+oxygen --> carbon dioxide+ water
42
What happens when you breathe out
carbon dioxide that was produced in your cells by respiration goes into the air around you
43
What happens when organisms die?
When they die, they are not always broken down quickly by decomposers. Sometimes, their bodies fall into places where there is no oxygen such as deep in the ocean. The organisms bodies get gradually buried as more and more sediment builds up on top of them High pressure and heat change their remains into fossil fuels including coal oil or gas
44
Why decomposers cannot respire when organism's dead body fall into deep ocean
Because there is not enough oxygen
45
How are oil and gas formed?
When tiny marine organisms died and fell to the sea bed. The oil rig has pipes that go deep into the sea bed where deposits of liquid oil are present. It is brought up through the pipes and taken ashore to be used as fuel.
46
How are coal formed
The remains of the plants grew in huge swamps.Their remains that were buried over millions of years, slowly turning into coal
47
What happens when we burn fossil fuel?
The carbon in it combines with oxygen from the air and forms carbon dioxide. This is called combustion
48
What happens if there are no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at all
The Earth would be a frozen place,unable to support life
49
Carbon dioxide and methane are___
greenhouse gases
50
What is climate?
Climate is the long-term pattern of temperatures,wind and rainful on Earth.
51
What do scientist called Earth that was covered with ice and snow
snowball Earth or "slushball Earth"
52
What is Slush?
Melting Ice
53
How was ice age triggered according to Scientists?
Two asteroids collided with one another 470 million years ago. The collision produced huge quantities of dust. The dust reduced the amount of light and heat from the Sun reaching the Earth's suface. This triggered an ice age.
54
What do you call objects in space that are smaller than an asteroid?
meteoroids
55
What do you call a meteoroid when they enter Earth's atmosphere
They are called meteors
56
what do you call parts of meteoroids that collide with Earth?
meteorites
57
What factors increases the chance of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and typhoons?
Increase in temperature
58
What causes sea levels to rise?
The increase in Earth's temperature. Water expands when it is heated
59
what are organelles?
structures inside cells such as mitochondria
60
What are autotrophs
producers of glucose and glycogen
61
What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis
6CO2+6H20--->C6H12O2+ 6O2
62
Describe the factor of carbon dioxide concentration affecting photosynthesis
The higher the carbon dioxide concentration, the rate of the photosynthesis increase
63
Describe the factor of Chlorophyll pigment for photosynthesis
When chlorophyll pigment increases, the rate of photosynthesis increase
64
Describe the factor of light intensity for photosynthesis
The more light intensity increase, the more the rate of photosynthesis will increase.
65
What are glucose used to make
Starch, Oils and fats, Cellulose, Amino Acids
66
Describe how you would set up an experiment to see how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis in pond weed. (Experiment)
Aim: To see how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis in pond weed. Apparatus: test tube containing water, lamp, beaker for test tube to stand, ruler for measuring the distance between the lap and the test tube, stopwatch. Materials:pond weed Safety: keep electrical wires,plugs and lamp away from water. Procedure: 1. Set up apparatus (Experiment book) 2.Leave the set up for 5 minutes for the pondweed to acclimatise to the new light intensity. 3.Measure distance between lamp and the rest of the test tube. 4. Start the stopwatch and record how many bubbles the plant produce in a minute. 5.Move the lamp 10 cm back and repeat the intervals for 5 times
67

Science Y9 (10 decks)

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