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Science Y9 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

`List the reactivity series from the most reactive to the least reactive

A

Potassium,K
Sodium,Na
Calcium,Ca
Magnesium,Mg
Aluminium,AL
Carbon,C
Zinc,Zn
Iron,Fe
Tin,Sn
Lead,Pb
Copper,Cu
Silver,Ag
Gold,Au

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2
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: potassium burns brightly when heated to form an oxide

Water: potassium very vigorous reaction, the hydroxide is formed

Dilute acid: potassium violent reaction and very dangerous

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3
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: sodium burns brightly when heated to form an oxide

Water:sodium very vigorous reaction, the hydroxide is formed

Dilute acid: sodium violent reaction and very dangerous

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4
Q

What happens when calcium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: Calcium burns brightly in the air to form an oxide

Water: Calcium has a slow reaction in cold water to form the hydroxide

Dilute acid: calcium has violent reaction and very dangerous

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5
Q

What happens when Magnesium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: magnesium burns brightly in the air to form an oxide

Water: magnesium has a slow reaction in cold water to form the hydroxide

Dilute acid:magnesium has a reaction , which becomes less vigorous as you go down the reactivity list

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6
Q

What happens when zinc reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: zinc has slow reaction when heated to form an oxide

Water: zinc reacts with steam but not water to form an oxide

Dilute acid: Zinc has a reaction, but becomes less vigorous as you go down the list

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7
Q

What happens when copper reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: copper has slow reaction when heated to form an oxide

Water:Copper has no reaction with steam or water

Dilute acid: copper has a reaction, but becomes less vigorous as you go down the list

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8
Q

What happens when silver reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: silver has no reaction

Water: Silver has no reaction with water or steam

Dilute acid: Silver has no reaction

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9
Q

What happens when gold reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: silver has no reaction

Water: Silver has no reaction with water or steam

Dilute acid: Silver has no reaction

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10
Q

When you place a clean iron nail in a beaker containing copper sulfate solution.

The blue copper sulfate solution changes to a slightly paler colour. The nail has become copper coloured.

What is the word and symbol equation for this reaction?

A

Copper sulfate+ iron –> iron sulfate+copper

CuSO4+Fe —> FeSO4 + Cu

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11
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive metal can replace a less reactive one in a salt

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12
Q

If a copper nail was placed in a solution of iron sulfate what would happen and why?

A

There would be no reaction because iron is less reactive than copper.

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13
Q

what is molten

A

Iron in a melting liquid state

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14
Q

What is the melting point of iron?

A

1535 degrees

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15
Q

What is an ore?

A

rock that contains a metal compound

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16
Q

What is the___ for hydrochloric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

A

Formula: HCL
Salts formed from the acid: chlorides
Example of salt: sodium chloride
Formula of salt: NaCl

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17
Q

What is the ___ for sulfuric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

A

Formula: H₂SO₄
Salts formed from the acid: sulfates
Example of salt: copper sulfate
Formula of salt: CuSO₄

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18
Q

What is the ___ for nitric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

A

Formula: HNO3
Salts formed from the acid: nitrates
Example of salt: potassium nitrate
Formula of salt: KNO3

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19
Q

what is the general equation for the reaction of metals with acid

A

acid+ metal —> salt + hydrogen

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20
Q

What is the word and symbol equations for reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid

A

zinc+ hydrochloric acid —> zinc chloride + hydrogen

Zn + 2HCl —> ZnCl₂ + H₂

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21
Q

Some metals will not react with acids to make salt. For example silver and copper and too unreactive to displace hydrogen from an acid.

What is another way of making salts from unreactive metals?

Study These Flashcards
A

We can make copper sulfate by heating copper oxide with sulfuric acid

22
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for copper oxide with sulfuric acid?

Study These Flashcards
A

copper oxide + sulfuric acid —> copper sulfate+ water

CuO + H₂SO4 —> CuSO4 + H₂O

23
Q

Adding metal to an acid in a beaker then stirring it until it stops fizzing then pouring into an evaporating dish to evaporate it.

What is this process called?

Study These Flashcards
A

Crystallisation

24
Q

What is the rock limestone made of?

Study These Flashcards
A

Calcium carbonate

25
What are skeletons of corals made from?
calcium carbonate reacting with acids
26
What happens in the oceans when more carbon dioxide dissolves in the water
The oceans become more slightly acidic as more carbon dioxide dissolves in the water
27
What is neutralisation?
when alkalis react with acids to neutralise them. When an acid is neutralised by an alkali, a salt is produced
28
Give an example of neutralisation
Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid. NaOH+HCl --> NaCl + H₂O sodium hydroxide+ hydrochloric acid ---> sodium chloride + water
29
is hydrochloric acid an alkali or acid?
alkali
30
What are metal oxides called?
They are called bases
31
How are alkalis formed?
Soluble metal bases form alkalis when they dissolve in water
32
What is an example of soluble metal bases(metal oxides) forming alkalis when dissolved in water?
sodium oxide + water ---> sodium hydroxide Sodium oxide is a base, Sodium hydroxide is an alkali.
33
Which metal oxides(bases) are not soluble in water?
Copper and Iron oxide
34
Iron + sulfur
Iron Sulfide
35
Magnesium + HCl --->
MgCl2 + H2
36
Magnesium are placed in a crucible, and the mass of the crucible with the magnesium is recorded. The crucible is heated very carefully . The lid of the crucible is lifted from time to time to allow the air in. After heating, a reaction takes place. The crucible contains white ashes. The mass of the ashes is more than the mass of the magnesium at the start of the reaction. The mass of the ashes is more than the mass of the magnesium at the start of the reaction. Explain this with the word equation
magnesium + oxygen = magnesium oxide
37
Describe exothermic reaction in terms of energy and chemical reactions
less energy is needed to break bonds in the reactants than is released when bonds form in the products.
38
Describe endothermic reaction in energy and chemical reactions terms
It takes more energy to break bonds in the reactants than is released when the bonds form in the products
39
What is the law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be destroyed or created.But can transfer from one form to another
40
What happens if Iron filings react with oxygen
catches in flames
41
What happens if Calcium reacts with oxygen
lilac flame slowly lits up
42
What happens if Sodium reacts with oxygen in a jar
reactive with medium flame and bright white flame
43
Zinc+ Sulfuric acid----> zinc sulfate + hydrogen explain why has the mass decrease after the reaction
Hydrogen gas has escaped and cannot be measured.
44
what is the equation for alkali+ acid
alkali+ acid ---> salt+ water
45
What is an example of alkali + acid
copper oxide + sulfuric acid---> copper sulfate + water
46
What is an example of alkali + acid
copper carbonate+ hydrochloric acid ---> copper chloride + carbon dioxide + water
47
Are reactants with oxide behind an alkali?
yes
48
Explain the Experiment that involves displacing metals (Experiment) Aim:To oberve the displacement of metal using metal solutions and to determine the reactivity series for the metals used.
Hypothesis: A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from it's compound. Apparatus: safety glasses, spotting tile, forceps, dropping pipette Materials: solutions of copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, zinc sulfate, small pieces iron, zinc, copper and magnesium (Diagram in Science Experiment Book) Procedure: 1. Using a dropping pipette, put a little zinc sulfate solution in the four depressions in the spotting tile Rinse the pipette with water thoroughly. 2. Repeat step 1 for magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate and iron sulfate. 3.Rinse the pipette each time you change solution. 4. Put a piece of metal in each of the solutions. 5. Observe carefully and record observations in result table.
49
Explain how to make salt through the process of neutralisation. (Experiment)
Hypothesis: If acid is added to an alkali solution, the reaction will result in the production of a salt. Making Sodium Chloride salt (Neutralisation Method) Apparatus: Burette, conical flask, measuring cylinder, filter funnel and filter paper, spatula, glass rod, beaker, evaporating basin, pipeclay triangle, Bunsen burner Materials: 1.0M hydrochloric acid, 1.0M sodium hydroxide, universal indicator, charcoal powder Procedure: 1. Set up the Apparatus (Experiment Book) 2. Place hydrochloric acid in a burette 3.Measure out 20cm3 of sodium hydroxide into a small flask 4. Add a few drops of universal indicator solution 5. Add the acid from the burette slowly, swirling the flask as the acid is added 6.Neutral solution produced when the universal indicator changes to green 7. Add a spatula of charcoal powder to the green solution. Mix it with a glass rod 8.Green colour of the universal indicator is taken out of the solution 9.Filter the mixture 10. Place the filtrate into an evaporating basin and heat gently, stop heating when some crystals appear. 11. Leave the evaporating basin for a few days.
50
Explain the experiment to make salt through the process of filtration and evaporation (Experiment)
Hypothesis: If the solution is heated, the precipitate can be filtered and left to evaporate, leaving dissolved salt behind as solid crystals Apparatus: 250cm3 beaker, measuring cylinder, evaporating basin, pipeclay triangle and tripod, Bunsen burner, tongs ,filter funnel, filter paper Materials: copper oxide, 0.5M sulfuric acid Hazard: Flame Hazard Risk: Hot burn Control Measure: Don't play Safety Reminders: 1. Do not boil the acid, use low heat 2. Do not stand too close to the apparatus during heating as the solution may bubble and burn you. Procedure: 1.Set up the apparatus ( Experiment book) 2. Pour 100cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid into a 250cm3 beaker. Add black copper oxide powder to the acid in the beaker. 3.Heat the mixture gently and stir. 4. Turn off the heat when the mixture changes colour to blue and allow it to cool 5. Filter the mixture. Pour the filtrate of copper sulfate into an evaporating basin 6. Place the evaporating basin on the pipeclay triangle on the tripod and heat it gently until crystals form. 7. Remove the heat and leave for a few days to crystallise.
51
Explain the experiment to make salt through the process of evaporation (Experiment)
Hypothesis: If the solution is heated, it will evaporate, leaving dissolved salt behind as solid crystals Apparatus: Beaker, Measuring cylinder, evaporating basin, pipeclay triangle and tripod, bunsen burner and tongs Materials: zinc metal, sulfuric acid Procedure: Set up the Apparatus (Experiment book) 1. Pour about 50cm3 of sulfuric acid into a beaker 2.Add 2 to 3 pieces of zinc metal to the acid in the beaker 3. Once the mixture stops fizzing, pour it into the evaporating dish. 4. Heat the evaporating dish very gently until you see crystals forming at the edge of the solution 5.Remove from the heat and leave it for a few days to crystallise.

Science Y9 (10 decks)

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