Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ISSA Certified Personal Trainer > Chapter 1 Skeleton > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Skeleton Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the role of the skeletal system in human life?

A

The skeletal system plays a key role in all aspects of human life, including movement and exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures are included in the skeletal system?

A

The skeletal system includes bones, ligaments, tendons, and joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?

A

It supports body movement, protects vital organs, serves as an attachment site for muscles, and stores calcium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many bones do human infants have?

A

Human infants are born with approximately three hundred bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many bones does an adult human have?

A

An adult human has two hundred and six bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two main parts of the human skeleton?

A

The human skeleton divides into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bones are included in the axial skeleton?

A

The axial skeleton includes the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

A

The primary function of the axial skeleton is to protect organs in the body’s systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?

A

The appendicular skeleton includes bones of the upper and lower limbs, pelvis, and shoulders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

The main function of the appendicular skeleton is to support movement in the extremities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four main types of bone?

A

The four main types of bone are long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

The periosteum is a membrane that covers most of the bone, consisting of an outer layer of connective tissue and an inner layer with bone stem cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are long bones?

A

Long bones have a greater length than width or height, and most limb bones are classified as long bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the diaphysis in long bones?

A

The diaphysis is the shaft that makes up the middle length of the long bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are epiphyses?

A

Epiphyses are the ends of long bones, with each long bone having two epiphyses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are examples of long bones?

A

Examples of long bones include phalanges in the fingers, ulna and radius in the forearm, and humerus in the arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the shape of short bones?

A

Short bones are cuboid in shape, with similar measurements in length, height, and width.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A

Examples of short bones include wrist bones and ankle bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are short bones?

A

Short bones are cuboid in shape, with measurements running similarly in length, height, and width.

Examples include wrist bones and ankle bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are short bones located?

A

Short bones are found in the wrist and ankle, including phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, medial cuneiform, navicular, talus, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid, and calcaneus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

Sesamoid bones are short bones specifically found in tendons, varying in size and location from person to person.

An example is the patella in the kneecap.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Flat bones are relatively flat and may have a curve, such as in the ribs.

Examples include scapulae in the shoulders and cranial bones like frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Irregular bones do not fit into the categories of long, short, or flat bones and have varying shapes based on their function.

Examples include cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the main kinds of bone markings?

A

The three main kinds of bone markings are depressions, projections, and surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are depressions in bones?
Depressions are spaces on the bone through which nerves or blood vessels run. ## Footnote Categories include foramen, fissure, fossa, and sulcus.
26
What are projections in bones?
Projections are attachment sites for tendons and ligaments to bone, including processes, condyle, and epicondyle.
27
What are surfaces in bones?
Surfaces are parts of the bone that attach to another bone to form a joint, including facets and heads.
28
What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Osteoblasts are cells that help build bone, while osteoclasts help break down bone. ## Footnote These cells are essential for maintaining bone health throughout life.
29
What is Wolff's Law?
Wolff's Law states that bone adaptations occur in response to external forces and environmental stresses, leading to changes in shape, structure, and density over time.
30
What is the role of osteoblasts in the skeletal system?
Osteoblasts in the bone tissue are busy at work building stronger, denser bones.
31
What is the function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
Ligaments are connective tissues that connect one bone to another bone, aiding in holding the bones together while allowing a range of motion.
32
What are tendons and their function?
Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscle to bone, allowing the muscle to stretch without immediately tearing.
33
What are non-synovial joints?
Non-synovial joints are limited in mobility or completely immobile and serve to connect bones for protection.
34
What are examples of non-synovial joints?
Examples include the sutures of the skull bones and the fused vertebrae of the lower spine.
35
What are synovial joints?
Synovial joints are the main type of joint to focus on in exercise science, as virtually all movement in the human body occurs around them.
36
What is the structure of synovial joints?
Synovial joints have a synovial capsule filled with fluid, which cushions the bones and prevents injury.
37
What are gliding joints?
Gliding joints, also known as plane joints, allow for gliding movements and are found in the wrists and ankles.
38
What are pivot joints?
Pivot joints create rotating movements, such as those in the forearm between the ulna and radius.
39
What are hinge joints?
Hinge joints allow for movement in one axis, examples include the elbows, fingers, and toes.
40
What are ball-and-socket joints?
Ball-and-socket joints allow for movements in many axes but have less stability, examples include the hip and shoulder joints.
41
What are saddle joints?
Saddle joints allow for movements in two axes and resemble a saddle, such as the joint in the thumb.
42
What are condyloid joints?
Condyloid joints also allow for movements in two axes and are shaped like two connected ovals, examples include joints in the knuckles and wrist.
43
What types of joints are included in the skeletal system?
The types of joints include gliding joints, ball-and-socket joints, pivot joints, hinge joints, saddle joints, and condylar joints.
44
What is a hinge joint?
A hinge joint is a type of joint that allows movement in one plane, such as the elbow.
45
What is a saddle joint?
A saddle joint is found between the trapezium carpal bone and the 1st metacarpal bone.
46
What is a condyloid joint?
A condyloid joint is located between the radius and carpal bones of the wrist.
47
What is a plane joint?
A plane joint is found between tarsal bones.
48
What are some common bone and joint diseases?
Common diseases include osteoporosis, arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
49
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bone mass to become critically low, increasing the risk of bone breaks.
50
Who is more commonly affected by osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis happens more commonly in women post-menopause, although it can affect anyone at any age.
51
How can osteoporosis be prevented?
Proper nutrition, including sufficient dietary calcium and weight-bearing exercise, can assist in prevention.
52
What are the treatments for osteoporosis?
Treatment includes medications and weight-bearing exercise to rebuild some of the lost bone.
53
What is arthritis?
Arthritis is a common disease found in the joints characterized by pain and inflammation.
54
What are the two kinds of arthritis commonly encountered?
The two kinds are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
55
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is the more widespread form of arthritis, often seen in older populations.
56
How is osteoarthritis treated?
Osteoarthritis is treated with medication and exercise, but activity should cease if pain increases.
57
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the joints.
58
Who does rheumatoid arthritis disproportionately affect?
Rheumatoid arthritis disproportionately affects women.
59
How is rheumatoid arthritis treated?
It is treated with medication and exercise, with pain typically lessening with sustained activity.
60
What are some effects of rheumatoid arthritis?
Effects include eye conditions, fatigue, dry mouth, lung scarring, heart disease, digestive problems, skin conditions, inflammation, and cartilage damage.
61
What is Wolff's Law?
Wolff's Law states that bone adapts to the stress placed on it, including from weight-bearing exercise.
62
How does exercise affect bone mass?
Weight-bearing exercise increases bone mass as it adds external stress to the body.
63
What types of exercise can increase bone mass?
Cardiovascular exercise and strength training are effective in increasing bone mass.
64
What is the adult skeletal system composed of?
The adult skeletal system consists of 206 bones of various sizes, shapes, and structures.
65
What are the main types of bones?
The main types of bones are long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
66
What is the role of tendons and ligaments in the skeletal system?
Tendons and ligaments connect the skeletal system and allow for range of motion.
67
What are synovial joints?
Synovial joints allow for movement and include gliding, ball-and-socket, pivot, hinge, saddle, and condylar joints.
68
What diseases affect the skeletal system?
Diseases include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
69
What are the benefits of exercise on the skeletal system?
Exercise improves bone mass and the ability of bones to withstand force before breaking.

ISSA Certified Personal Trainer (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions