The CardioreSpiraTory SySTem Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the cardiorespiratory system?
The cardiorespiratory system (CRS) consists of the pulmonary system (airways and lungs) and the cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels, and blood).
Why must fitness professionals understand the cardiorespiratory system?
They need basic knowledge for program design, to ensure safe training, monitor intensity, and respond to emergencies.
What are the main functions of the cardiorespiratory system?
The CRS pumps oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood through the body, allowing tissues to take in nutrients and oxygen while excreting waste.
What happens to the cardiorespiratory system during physical activity?
It works harder by increasing breath, heart rate, and blood flow to meet the increased demand for oxygen.
Where is the heart located?
The heart is located within the mediastinum, above the diaphragm and posterior to the sternum.
What are the layers of the heart?
The heart has three layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
What is the role of the myocardium?
The myocardium is the muscle of the heart, responsible for contraction.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
The heart consists of the left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, and right ventricle.
What is the function of the atria?
The atria receive blood and are smaller than the ventricles.
What is the function of the ventricles?
The ventricles are the discharging chambers that pump blood out to the body and lungs.
What are the valves of the heart?
The heart has four valves: the right AV (tricuspid) valve, left AV (mitral) valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve.
What is the function of the chordae tendineae?
The chordae tendineae anchor the cusps of the AV valves and connect to the papillary muscles.
What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?
The semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) prevent backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
What is the role of the Sinoatrial (SA) node?
The SA node is the pacemaker of the heart, generating impulses that regulate heart rhythm.
What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
An ECG is a graphic representation of heart activity, showing the action potential generated by nodes.
What are the components of a normal ECG wave?
A normal ECG includes three waves: the P wave (atria depolarization), QRS complex (ventricles depolarization), and T wave (ventricles repolarization).
What is cardiac output (CO)?
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute, calculated as CO = HR X SV.
What is stroke volume?
Stroke volume is the difference between end diastolic volume and end systolic volume.
What are systole and diastole?
Systole is the contraction phase when blood is ejected, while diastole is the relaxation phase when chambers refill with blood.
What is cardiac output (CO)?
Cardiac output or CO is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute.
How is cardiac output calculated?
The formula is CO = HR X SV, where HR is heart rate and SV is stroke volume.
What factors affect cardiac output?
Cardiac output is dependent on heart rate and stroke volume.
What is cardiac reserve?
Cardiac reserve is the difference between cardiac output maximally and at rest.
How is stroke volume calculated?
Stroke volume is found by taking the end diastolic volume and subtracting the end systolic volume.
