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Sports Physiology > Chapter 1 slides > Flashcards

Chapter 1 slides Flashcards

0
Q

Each skeletal muscle is an organ that contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, ______, and blood vessels.

A

Nerves

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1
Q

What are the 5 phases of the sliding filament theory of muscular contraction?

A
  • resting phase
  • excitation-contraction coupling phase
  • contraction phase
  • recharge phase
  • relaxation phase
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2
Q

Fibrous connective tissue, or epimysium, covers the body’s more than _____ skeletal muscles.

A

430

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3
Q

Which connective tissue is on the outer layer?

A

Epimysium

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4
Q

Which connective tissue surrounds each fasciculus?

A

Perimysium

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5
Q

Which connective tissue surrounds individual fibers?

A

Endomysium

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6
Q

A _______ consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.

A

Motor unit

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7
Q

How many muscle fibers are in a single motor unit?

A

Several hundred

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8
Q

Where is calcium stored in the muscle fibers?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

The arrangement of ______(thick) and ______ (thin) filaments gives the skeletal muscle its striated appearance.

A

Myosin

Actin

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10
Q

Which band is the space between the end of the myosin?

A

I band

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11
Q

The discharge of an action potential from a motor nerve signals the release of _____ from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril, causing tension development in the muscle.

A

Calcium

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12
Q

The ______ theory states that the actin filaments at each end of the sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments, pulling the z-lines toward the center of the sarcomere and thus shortening the muscle fiber.

A

Sliding-filament

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13
Q

In _____ muscles, the I bands and H zone are elongated, and there is a low force potential due to reduced cross-bridge-actin-alignment.

A

Stretched

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14
Q

When muscle contracts, the I-bands and H-zone are ______.

A

Shortened

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15
Q

With completely contracted muscles, there is a low force potential due to reduced ________.

A

Cross-bridge-actin-alignment

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16
Q

Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes the release of _____.

A

Acetylcholine

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17
Q

Muscles that function with great precision may have as few as ___ muscle fiber per motor neuron.

A

One

18
Q

Muscles that require less precision may have ______ fibers served by one motor neuron.

A

Several hundred

19
Q

___________: all of the muscle fibers in the motor unit contract and develop force at the same time. There is no such thing as a otor neuron stimulus that causes only some of the fibers to contract.

A

All-or-none principle

20
Q

What is an example of a type 1 (slow twitch) fiber?

A

Cross country

21
Q

What is an example of a type 2a (fast twitch) fiber?

A

Sprinter

22
Q

______ are composed of muscle fibers with specific morphological and physiological characteristics that determine their functions capacity.

A

Motor units

23
Q

_____ occurs when a load is lifted, since sufficient force must be developed to overcome the inertia of the load.

A

Preloading

24
Q

______: information concerning kinesthetic sense, or conscious appreciation of the position of body parts with respect to gravity.

A

Proprioception

25
Q

______ are specialized sensory receptors that provide the central nervous system with information needed to maintain muscle tone and perform complex coordinated movements.

A

Proprioceptors

26
Q

______ are proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue.

A

Muscle spindles

27
Q

_____ are proprioceptors located in tendons near the myotendinous junction.

A

Golgi tendon organs

28
Q

____ is the decrease in muscle size.

A

Sarcopenia

29
Q

The _____ is a muscular organ made up of two interconnected but separate pumps.

A

Heart

30
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood to the _____.

A

Lungs

31
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood to _______.

A

The rest of the body

32
Q

The _____ system controls the mechanical contraction of the heart.

A

Conduction

33
Q

______ is recorded at the surface of the body; a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart.

A

Electrocardiogram

34
Q

______ operate in a closed-circuit system.

A

Blood vessels

35
Q

The _____ system carries blood away from the heart.

A

Arterial

36
Q

The ____ system returns blood toward the heart.

A

Venous

37
Q

_____ transports oxygen and serves as an acid-base buffer.

A

Hemoglobin

38
Q

Red blood cells facilitate ____ removal.

A

Carbon dioxide

39
Q

The _____ system transports nutrients and removes waste products while helping to maintain the environment for all the body’s functions.

A

Cardiovascular

40
Q

The amount and movement of air and expired gases in and out of the lungs are controlled by expansion and recoil of the _____.

A

Lungs

41
Q

The vertical and anteroposterior diameters _____ during inspiration.

A

Increase

42
Q

The primary function of the respiratory system is the basic exchange of _____ and _______.

A

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Sports Physiology (9 decks)

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